State of Conservation
States Parties: | Bulgaria |
Year: | 2023 |
Document Source: | WHC/23/45.COM/7B.Add.2 |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Bulgaria |
Year: | 2021 |
Document Source: | WHC/21/44.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Bulgaria |
Year: | 2019 |
Document Source: | WHC/19/43.COM/7B,WHC/19/43.COM/INF.7.Rev.4 |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Bulgaria |
Year: | 2017 |
Document Source: | WHC/17/41.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Portugal |
Year: | 2000 |
Document Source: | WHC-2000/CONF.202/5 |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Portugal |
Year: | 1999 |
Document Source: | WHC-99/CONF.204/5,WHC-99/CONF.209/14 |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Panama |
Year: | 2023 |
Document Source: | WHC/23/45.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Panama |
Year: |
2021
Initialy proposed for examination in 2020
|
Document Source: | WHC/21/44.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Panama |
Year: | 2019 |
Document Source: | WHC/19/43.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Panama |
Year: | 2018 |
Document Source: | WHC/18/42.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Panama |
Year: | 2017 |
Document Source: | WHC/17/41.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Panama |
Year: | 2016 |
Document Source: | WHC/16/40.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Panama |
Year: | 2014 |
Document Source: | WHC-14/38.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Panama |
Year: | 2013 |
Document Source: | WHC-13/37.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Panama |
Year: | 2012 |
Document Source: | WHC-12/36.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Panama |
Year: | 2009 |
Document Source: | WHC-09/33.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Lithuania Russian Federation |
Year: | 2018 |
Document Source: | WHC/18/42.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Lithuania Russian Federation |
Year: | 2016 |
Document Source: | WHC/16/40.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Spain |
Year: | 2002 |
Document Source: | WHC-02/CONF.201/11Rev,WHC-02/CONF.202/17 |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Decline of the Iberian lynx and Imperial eagle populations |
States Parties: | Spain |
Year: | 2001 |
Document Source: | WHC-01/CONF.208/10,WHC-2001/CONF.205/5 |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Decline of the Iberian lynx and Imperial eagle populations |
States Parties: | Germany |
Year: | 2004 |
Document Source: | WHC-04/28.COM/15B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Germany |
Year: | 2003 |
Document Source: | WHC.03/27.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Australia |
Year: | 2024 |
Document Source: | WHC/24/46.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Grounding of ships |
States Parties: | Australia |
Year: |
2023
Initialy proposed for examination in 2022
|
Document Source: | WHC/23/45.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Grounding of ships |
States Parties: | Australia |
Year: |
2021
Initialy proposed for examination in 2020
|
Document Source: | WHC/21/44.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Grounding of ships |
States Parties: | Australia |
Year: | 2017 |
Document Source: | WHC/17/41.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Grounding of ships |
States Parties: | Australia |
Year: | 2015 |
Document Source: | WHC-15/39.COM/7B.Add,WHC-15/39.COM/INF.7,WHC-15/39.COM/INF.7Rev |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Australia |
Year: | 2014 |
Document Source: | WHC-14/38.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Australia |
Year: | 2013 |
Document Source: | WHC-13/37.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Australia |
Year: | 2012 |
Document Source: | WHC-12/36.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Australia |
Year: | 2011 |
Document Source: | WHC-11/35.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Australia |
Year: | 2004 |
Document Source: | WHC-04/28.COM/15B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Viet Nam |
Year: | 2003 |
Document Source: | WHC.03/27.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Rapid economic development |
States Parties: | Viet Nam |
Year: | 2002 |
Document Source: | WHC-02/CONF.201/11Rev,WHC-02/CONF.202/17,WHC-02/CONF.202/2 |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Rapid economic development |
States Parties: | Viet Nam |
Year: | 2001 |
Document Source: | WHC-01/CONF.208/10 |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Rapid economic development |
States Parties: | Viet Nam |
Year: | 2000 |
Document Source: | WHC-2000/CONF.202/5,WHC-2000/CONF.204/10 |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Risks linked to addressing environmental impacts of individual projects to the neglect of monitoring cumulative impacts of the overall development of Ha Long City and other areas surrounding the World Heritage area |
States Parties: | Viet Nam |
Year: | 1999 |
Document Source: | WHC-99/CONF.204/5,WHC-99/CONF.209/14 |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Latvia |
Year: | 2004 |
Document Source: | WHC-04/28.COM/15B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Canada |
Year: | 2005 |
Document Source: | WHC-05/29.COM/7B.Rev |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Canada |
Year: | 2004 |
Document Source: | WHC-04/28.COM/15B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Risk of fire |
States Parties: | Canada |
Year: | 2003 |
Document Source: | WHC.03/27.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Canada |
Year: | 2002 |
Document Source: | WHC-02/CONF.202/17 |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Canada |
Year: | 2001 |
Document Source: | WHC-01/CONF.208/10,WHC-2001/CONF.205/5 |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Uruguay |
Year: | 2012 |
Document Source: | WHC-12/36.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Uruguay |
Year: | 2011 |
Document Source: | WHC-11/35.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Uruguay |
Year: | 2009 |
Document Source: | WHC-09/33.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Uruguay |
Year: | 2008 |
Document Source: | WHC-08/32.COM/7B.Add2 |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Chile |
Year: | 2023 |
Document Source: | WHC/23/45.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Chile |
Year: | 2021 |
Document Source: | WHC/21/44.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Chile |
Year: | 2019 |
Document Source: | WHC/19/43.COM/7B,WHC/19/43.COM/INF.7.Rev.4 |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Fire |
States Parties: | Chile |
Year: | 2017 |
Document Source: | WHC/17/41.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Fire |
States Parties: | Chile |
Year: | 2015 |
Document Source: | WHC-15/39.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Fire |
States Parties: | Chile |
Year: | 2014 |
Document Source: | WHC-14/38.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Chile |
Year: | 2013 |
Document Source: | WHC-13/37.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Spain |
Year: | 2011 |
Document Source: | WHC-11/35.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Spain |
Year: | 2010 |
Document Source: | WHC-10/34.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Spain |
Year: | 2009 |
Document Source: | WHC-09/33.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Italy |
Year: | 2010 |
Document Source: | WHC-10/34.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Italy |
Year: | 2008 |
Document Source: | WHC-08/32.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Italy |
Year: | 2007 |
Document Source: | WHC-07/31.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Russian Federation |
Year: | 2023 |
Document Source: | WHC/23/45.COM/7B.Add.2 |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Structural integrity issues at the Church of the Transfiguration |
States Parties: | Russian Federation |
Year: | 2021 |
Document Source: | WHC/21/44.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Structural integrity issues at the Church of the Transfiguration |
States Parties: | Russian Federation |
Year: | 2019 |
Document Source: | WHC/19/43.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Structural integrity issues at the Church of the Transfiguration |
States Parties: | Russian Federation |
Year: | 2018 |
Document Source: | WHC/18/42.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Structural integrity issues at the Church of the Transfiguration |
States Parties: | Russian Federation |
Year: | 2016 |
Document Source: | WHC/16/40.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Russian Federation |
Year: | 2014 |
Document Source: | WHC-14/38.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Russian Federation |
Year: | 2013 |
Document Source: | WHC-13/37.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Russian Federation |
Year: | 2012 |
Document Source: | WHC-12/36.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Kenya |
Year: | 2023 |
Document Source: | WHC/23/45.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Deterioration of dwellings |
States Parties: | Kenya |
Year: |
2021
Initialy proposed for examination in 2020
|
Document Source: | WHC/21/44.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Deterioration of dwellings |
States Parties: | Kenya |
Year: | 2019 |
Document Source: | WHC/19/43.COM/7B.Add,WHC/19/43.COM/INF.7.Rev.4 |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Deterioration of dwellings |
States Parties: | Kenya |
Year: | 2018 |
Document Source: | ,WHC/18/42.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Deterioration of dwellings |
States Parties: | Kenya |
Year: | 2017 |
Document Source: | WHC/17/41.COM/7B,WHC/17/41.COM/INF.7 Rev |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Deterioration of dwellings |
States Parties: | Kenya |
Year: | 2016 |
Document Source: | WHC/16/40.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Deterioration of dwellings |
States Parties: | Kenya |
Year: | 2015 |
Document Source: | WHC-15/39.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Deterioration of dwellings |
States Parties: | Kenya |
Year: | 2014 |
Document Source: | WHC-14/38.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Deterioration of dwellings |
States Parties: | Kenya |
Year: | 2013 |
Document Source: | WHC-13/37.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Deterioration of dwellings |
States Parties: | Kenya |
Year: | 2012 |
Document Source: | WHC-12/36.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Kenya |
Year: | 2011 |
Document Source: | WHC-11/35.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Fire |
States Parties: | Kenya |
Year: | 2010 |
Document Source: | WHC-10/34.COM/7B.Add.2 |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Lack of adequate sewerage, waste disposal, and overall infrastructure, and risk to limited fresh water supplies; Fire |
States Parties: | Kenya |
Year: | 2009 |
Document Source: | WHC-09/33.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Fire |
States Parties: | Russian Federation |
Year: |
2023
Initialy proposed for examination in 2022
|
Document Source: | WHC/23/45.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Increased human presence |
States Parties: | Russian Federation |
Year: | 2019 |
Document Source: | WHC/19/43.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Increased human presence |
States Parties: | Russian Federation |
Year: | 2018 |
Document Source: | WHC/18/42.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Increased human presence |
States Parties: | Russian Federation |
Year: | 2017 |
Document Source: | WHC/17/41.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Increased human presence |
States Parties: | Russian Federation |
Year: | 2016 |
Document Source: | WHC/16/40.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Russian Federation |
Year: | 2015 |
Document Source: | WHC-15/39.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Sri Lanka |
Year: | 2024 |
Document Source: | WHC/24/46.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Sri Lanka |
Year: | 2023 |
Document Source: | WHC/23/45.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Sri Lanka |
Year: |
2021
Initialy proposed for examination in 2020
|
Document Source: | WHC/21/44.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Sri Lanka |
Year: | 2018 |
Document Source: | WHC/18/42.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Sri Lanka |
Year: | 2016 |
Document Source: | WHC/16/40.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Sri Lanka |
Year: | 2014 |
Document Source: | WHC-14/38.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Sri Lanka |
Year: | 2013 |
Document Source: | WHC-13/37.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Sri Lanka |
Year: | 2012 |
Document Source: | WHC-12/36.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Sri Lanka |
Year: | 2011 |
Document Source: | WHC-11/35.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Sri Lanka |
Year: | 2010 |
Document Source: | WHC-10/34.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Sri Lanka |
Year: | 2009 |
Document Source: | WHC-09/33.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Sri Lanka |
Year: | 2008 |
Document Source: | WHC-08/32.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Colombia |
Year: | 2023 |
Document Source: | WHC/23/45.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Colombia |
Year: | 2021 |
Document Source: | WHC/21/44.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Colombia |
Year: | 2019 |
Document Source: | WHC/19/43.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Colombia |
Year: | 2012 |
Document Source: | WHC-12/36.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Colombia |
Year: | 2010 |
Document Source: | WHC-10/34.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Colombia |
Year: | 2008 |
Document Source: | WHC-08/32.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Dilapidated state of conservation of the Church of Santo Domingo |
States Parties: | Bahrain |
Year: | 2009 |
Document Source: | WHC-09/33.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Bahrain |
Year: | 2007 |
Document Source: | WHC-07/31.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Japan |
Year: | 2023 |
Document Source: | WHC/23/45.COM/7B.Add.3 |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: |
|
States Parties: | Japan |
Year: |
2021
Initialy proposed for examination in 2020
|
Document Source: | WHC/21/44.COM/7B.Add.2 |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Japan |
Year: | 2018 |
Document Source: | WHC/18/42.COM/7B.Add2 |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | United Republic of Tanzania |
Year: | 2015 |
Document Source: | WHC-15/39.COM/7B.Add,WHC-15/39.COM/INF.7,WHC-15/39.COM/INF.7Rev |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Environmental pressures in relation with the Malindi port project; Natural disasters and lack of risk-preparedness |
States Parties: | United Republic of Tanzania |
Year: | 2011 |
Document Source: | WHC-11/35.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | United Republic of Tanzania |
Year: | 2010 |
Document Source: | WHC-10/34.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | United Republic of Tanzania |
Year: | 2008 |
Document Source: | WHC-08/32.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Environmental pressures |
States Parties: | India |
Year: | 2001 |
Document Source: | WHC-01/CONF.208/10,WHC-2001/CONF.205/5 |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | System of National Waterways proposed for the Sundarbans Reserve |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 2024 |
Document Source: | WHC/24/46.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Unsuitable restoration techniques, and poor conservation conditions for the archaeological remains |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 2021 |
Document Source: | WHC/21/44.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Unsuitable restoration techniques, and poor conservation conditions for the archaeological remains |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 2019 |
Document Source: | WHC/19/43.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 2017 |
Document Source: | WHC/17/41.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 2015 |
Document Source: | WHC-15/39.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 2013 |
Document Source: | WHC-13/37.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 2011 |
Document Source: | WHC-11/35.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 2009 |
Document Source: | WHC-09/33.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 2008 |
Document Source: | WHC-08/32.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | poor conservation conditions for the archaeological remains |
States Parties: | Lebanon |
Year: | 2012 |
Document Source: | WHC-12/36.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Insufficient maintenance |
States Parties: | Lebanon |
Year: | 2011 |
Document Source: | WHC-11/35.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Insufficient maintenance |
States Parties: | Lebanon |
Year: | 2010 |
Document Source: | WHC-10/34.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Insufficient maintenance |
States Parties: | Lebanon |
Year: | 2006 |
Document Source: | WHC-06/30.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Insufficient maintenance |
States Parties: | Lebanon |
Year: | 2004 |
Document Source: | WHC-04/28.COM/15B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Lebanon |
Year: | 2001 |
Document Source: | WHC-01/CONF.208/10 |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Italy |
Year: | 2023 |
Document Source: | WHC/23/45.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Climate change and severe weather events / Climate Change impacts on the lagoon ecology and built fabric |
States Parties: | Italy |
Year: |
2021
Initialy proposed for examination in 2020
|
Document Source: | WHC/21/44.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Climate change and severe weather events / Climate Change impacts on the lagoon ecology and built fabric |
States Parties: | Italy |
Year: | 2019 |
Document Source: | WHC/19/43.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Climate change and severe weather events / Climate Change impacts on the lagoon ecology and built fabric |
States Parties: | Italy |
Year: | 2017 |
Document Source: | WHC/17/41.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Italy |
Year: | 2016 |
Document Source: | WHC/16/40.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Marine transport infrastructure |
* :
The threats indicated are listed in alphabetical order; their order does not constitute a classification according to the importance of their impact on the property.
Furthermore, they are presented irrespective of the type of threat faced by the property, i.e. with specific and proven imminent danger (“ascertained danger”) or with threats which could have deleterious effects on the property’s Outstanding Universal Value (“potential danger”).
** : All mission reports are not always available electronically.