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1.
Mali,On 22 March 2012 a military coup d’etat ousted the President of the Republic of Mali. The cause of this uprising was the difficulties linked to the conflict in the north of the country that, since mid-January 2012, opposed the Mali army to the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA), mainly supported by the Islamic groups Ansar Dine and Al ...
2.
Mali,On 22 March 2012 a military coup d’etat ousted the President of the Republic of Mali. The cause of this uprising was the difficulties linked to the conflict in the north of the country that, since mid-January 2012, opposed the Mali army to the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA), mainly supported by the Islamic groups Ansar Dine and Al ...
3.
Uganda,Destruction by fire of the Muzibu Azaala Mpanga ,The State Party submitted a State of Conservation report on 21 March 2013 in response to the request of the Committee at its last session.
a) Reconstruction of the Muzibu Azaala Mpanga and development of a Master Plan
The State Party reports that the Buganda Kingdom, in consultation with government, has completed a ...
4.
Pakistan,a) Significant decay of the property caused by the local climatic conditions;
b) Included in the List of the 100 Most Endangered Sites of the World Monuments Watch in 2005.,The report provided by the State Party describes the factors affecting the property, ranging from local climatic conditions such as rain and high temperatures and high wind velocities, as well ...
5.
Pakistan,a) Significant decay of the property caused by local climatic conditions and alluvial erosion;
b) Stability of the foundations (earth mechanics) of the Jam Nizamuddin tomb;
c) Lack of definition of boundaries of the property and buffer zone of the necropolis;
d) Lack of monitoring.,The property was listed on the 100 Most Endangered Sites of the World Monuments ...
6.
Egypt,
Rising underground water level
Risks of flooding (Valleys of Kings and Queens)
Absence of a comprehensive Management Plan
Major infrastructure and development projects taking place or scheduled
Uncontrolled urban development
Housing and agricultural encroachment on the West Bank of the Nile
Demolitions in the villages of Gourna on the West Bank of the Nile and ...
7.
Mali,On 22 March 2012 a military coup d’etat ousted the President of the Republic of Mali. The cause of this uprising was the difficulties linked to the conflict in the north of the country that, since mid-January 2012, opposed the Mali army to the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA), mainly supported by the Islamic groups Ansar Dine and Al ...
8.
Viet Nam,a) Development of the road infrastructure and modern constructions in and around the Citadel;
b) Urban infrastructure of Hué and its surroundings. ,By Decision 33 COM 7B.85, adopted at its 33rd session (Seville, 2009), the World Heritage Committee requested the State Party to ensure that the management plan is integrated in the larger regulatory ...
9.
Mali,
Lack of site management
Armed conflict
,On 18 February 2015, the State Party submitted a report on the state of conservation of the property, which is available at https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1139/documents/, which provides information on the following:
The Tomb of Askia, although not physically touched during the occupation of Gao by armed groups from March 2012 ...
10.
Uganda,Destruction by fire of the Muzibu Azaala Mpanga ,A report on the state of conservation of the property was submitted by the State Party on 16 February 2012. From 2 to 9 April 2012, a joint World Heritage Centre /ICOMOS/ ICCROM reactive monitoring mission was carried out, as requested by the World Heritage Committee at its 34th session (Brasilia, 2010). The mission ...
11.
Viet Nam,,On 1 August 1994 a fire broke out due to a bonfire of dead branches set alight by the guards of the mausoleum of the Emperor Minh Mang, situated approximately ten kilometres from the Forbidden City, on the left side of the "Perfume River".
This monument is one of the imperial tombs belonging to the complex inscribed on the World Heritage List by the Committee in ...
12.
Pakistan,a) Significant decay of the property caused by local climatic conditions and alluvial erosion;
b) Stability of the foundations (earth mechanics) of the Jam Nizamuddin tomb;
c) Lack of definition of boundaries of the property and buffer zone of the necropolis;
d) Lack of monitoring.,The State Party submitted a state of conservation report to the World Heritage ...
13.
Republic of Korea,
Management systems/ management plan (Development of a sustainable tourism management plan)
Commercial development; Housing (High-rise developments in the vicinity of the component parts)
,On 1 February 2024, the State Party submitted a state of conservation report, a summary of which is available at https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1319/documents/. The ...
14.
Pakistan,
Significant decay of the property caused by local climatic conditions and alluvial erosion
Stability of the foundations (earth mechanics) of the Jam Nizamuddin tomb
Lack of definition of boundaries of the property and buffer zone of the necropolis
Lack of monitoring
lack of a Comprehensive Master Plan and a management plan
,On 30 March 2015, the State Party ...
15.
Egypt,
Increasing flow of pilgrims,
Possible reconstruction of the church over the Saint's tomb
,Further to an alarming report prepared in 2000 by an ICOMOS expert, the Director and Chief of the Arab Unit a.i. of the World Heritage Centre carried out a visit to the site in September 2001.
A land-reclamation programme for the agricultural development of the region, funded ...
16.
Egypt,,The Bureau noted with concern the dangers threatening the conservation of the site because of its fragility and the increasing flow of pilgrims, as well as a possible reconstruction of the church over the Saint's tomb.
The Bureau requested the World Heritage Centre to draw the attention of the competent national authorities to these matters and request their ...
17.
Mali,
Lack of site management
Armed conflict
,The State Party submitted a report on the state of conservation of the Tomb of Askia on 22 March 2014. The Report is available at the following Internet link: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/173/documents/. This report mainly concerns the activities carried out in the framework of the UNESCO Action Plan adopted on 18 February ...
18.
Pakistan,a) Significant decay of the property caused by local climatic conditions and alluvial erosion;
b) Stability of the foundations (earth mechanics) of the Jam Nizamuddin tomb;
c) Lack of definition of boundaries of the property and buffer zone of the necropolis;
d) Lack of monitoring.,The State Party submitted a state of conservation report to the World Heritage ...
19.
Pakistan,
Deliberate destruction of heritage
Earthquake
Erosion and siltation/ deposition
Housing
Illegal activities
Land conversion
Management activities
Management systems/ management plan
Other climate change impacts
Solid waste
Flooding
Other Threats: Stability of the foundations (earth mechanics) of the Jam Nizamuddin II tomb
,On 22 January 2024, the State Party ...
20.
Mali,
Lack of site management
Armed conflict
,On 31 January 2022, the State Party submitted a report on the state of conservation of the property (available at https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1139/documents/), providing the following information:
Despite persistent insecurity, the state of conservation of the property is improving progressively. The involvement of local ...
21.
Pakistan,
Deliberate destruction of heritage
Earthquake
Erosion and siltation/ deposition
Housing
Illegal activities
Land conversion
Management activities
Management systems/ management plan
Other climate change impacts
Solid waste
Other Threats: Stability of the foundations (earth mechanics) of the Jam Nizamuddin II tomb
,On 28 November 2018, the State Party submitted a ...
22.
Uganda,Fire is mentioned in the ICOMOS evaluation of 2001 as the main threat to the property:,On 16 March 2010, a fire devastated the Muzibu Azaala Mpanga building, a major component of the World Heritage property. This building housed the four royal Buganda tombs. The large, circular thatched building, supported on wooden columns wrapped in bark cloth, was originally ...
23.
Mali,
Lack of site management
Armed conflict
,On 31 January 2024, the State Party submitted a report on the state of conservation of the property, (available at https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1139/documents/), followed by an updated table on corrective measures provided on 20 March 2024, providing the following information:
The project to restore the Tomb of Askia, funded ...
24.
Uganda,
Destruction by fire of the Muzibu-Azaala-Mpanga
Ground transport infrastructure: Proposed widening of the Masiro Road
Management systems/management plan: lack of a Master Plan and a complete Management Plan with detailed disaster risk management plan and a tourism management plan
Management activities: Management structure (issue resolved)
,On 1 February 2022, the ...
25.
Pakistan,
Significant decay of the property caused by local climatic conditions and alluvial erosion;
Stability of the foundations (earth mechanics) of the Jam Nizamuddin tomb;
Lack of definition of boundaries of the property and buffer zone of the necropolis;
Lack of monitoring.
,On 22 February 2013, the State Party submitted a report on the state of conservation of the ...
26.
Viet Nam,a) Development of the road infrastructure and modern constructions in and around the Citadel;
b) Urban infrastructure of Hué and its surroundings. ,By Decision 31 COM 7B.75, adopted at its 31st session (Christchurch, 2007), the World Heritage Committee requested the State Party to give urgent consideration to the recommendations of the 2006 mission and ...
27.
Syrian Arab Republic,,Since March 2011, the uprising in Syria had led to thousands of deaths, displaced population, and caused turmoil and destruction, including that of the exceptional archaeological and historical heritage of the country. Since the beginning of the armed conflict in Syria, UNESCO has called for the safeguarding of the country’s cultural heritage and ...
28.
Syrian Arab Republic,Before the conflict:
Serious weathering of many stone blocks due to capillary rising and variations in humidity and temperature
Urban growth of the neighbouring agglomeration
International tarmac road crosses the site
Heavy automobile and truck traffic (vibrations, pollution, risk of accidents...)
Pipeline crossing the southern ...
29.
Egypt,
Growing number of visitors (issue resolved)
Uncontrolled development of the nearby village (issue resolved)
Deterioration of the stones (issue resolved)
Road construction project (issue resolved)
Tunnel construction project (issue resolved)
Urban encroachment
Infrastructure and tourism developments
,A two-and-a-half page document entitled “Report on the Supreme ...
30.
Mali,
Lack of site management
Armed conflict
,On 25 January 2017, in response to Decision 40 COM 7A.7, the State Party submitted a report on the state of conservation of the property, available at https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1139/documents/, and supplemented by a more detailed evaluation report submitted on 3 May 2017, available at the same web address. These reports ...
31.
Viet Nam,Development of road infrastructure in and around the World Heritage property; Urban development pressure.,A fifteen-page report from the Director of the Hué Monuments Conservation Centre, with a number of annexes, maps, and photographs, was submitted to the World Heritage Centre by the State Party on 1 February 2005. In response to the concern ...
32.
Egypt,
Growing number of visitors (issue resolved)
Uncontrolled development of the nearby village (issue resolved)
Deterioration of the monuments (issue resolved)
Tunnel construction project
Urban encroachment
Infrastructure and tourism developments
Development and Urban Infrastructure projects (including Ring Road project)
Absence of a single integrated Plan of Management ...
33.
Syrian Arab Republic,
Poor state of conservation;
Inappropriate restoration techniques;
Lack of a buffer zone;
Lack of a management plan.
Development projects threatening the significant historic fabric.
,
Since March 2011, the uprising in Syria had led to thousands of deaths, displaced population, and caused turmoil and destruction, including that of the ...
34.
Syrian Arab Republic,
Protection Policy does not adequately integrate cultural landscapes;
Lack of human and financial resources;
Development or infrastructure projects that may affect the integrity of the property;
Management Plan still incomplete and lack of an Action Plan.
,Since March 2011, the uprising in Syria had led to thousands of deaths, displaced ...
35.
Syrian Arab Republic,,Since March 2011, the uprising in Syria had led to thousands of deaths, displaced population, and caused turmoil and destruction, including that of the exceptional archaeological and historical heritage of the country. Since the beginning of the armed conflict in Syria, UNESCO has called for the safeguarding of the country’s cultural heritage ...
36.
Syrian Arab Republic,,Since March 2011, the uprising in Syria had led to thousands of deaths, displaced population, and caused turmoil and destruction, including that of the exceptional archaeological and historical heritage of the country. Since the beginning of the armed conflict in Syria, UNESCO has called for the safeguarding of the country’s cultural heritage and ...
37.
Syrian Arab Republic,
serious weathering of many stone blocks due to capillary rising and variations in humidity and temperature
urban growth of the neighbouring agglomeration
international tarmac road crosses the site
heavy automobile and truck traffic (vibrations, pollution, risk of accidents...)
pipeline crossing the southern necropolis
brightly-coloured antenna on ...
38.
Ethiopia,
Insufficient delimitation of this serial property
Lack of conservation and management plans
Lack of appropriate urban planning and building regulations
Urban encroachment and inappropriate new developments
Rising water level / seepage
Structural instability of Stele III
,On 29 January 2015, the State Party of Ethiopia submitted a report on the state of ...
39.
State of Palestine,
Absence of Statement of Outstanding Universal Value at the time of inscription
Management systems/management plan: Need of a management plan
,On 28 January 2020, the State Party submitted a report on the state of conservation of the property, an updated version of which was submitted on 29 January 2021. Both reports are available at ...
40.
Mali,a) No management and conservation plan;
b) Pressure from urban development;
c) Deterioration of dwellings;
d) Waste disposal problems;
e) Encroachment of the archaeological sites.
On 22 March 2012 a military coup d’etat ousted the President of the Republic of Mali. The cause of this uprising was the difficulties linked to the conflict in the north of the ...
41.
Pakistan,
Erosion and siltation/deposition; Other climate change impacts (Significant decay of the property caused by local climatic conditions and alluvial erosion)
Earthquake (Stability of the foundations (earth mechanics) of the Jam Nizamuddin tomb)
Management systems/ management plan (Lack of definition of boundaries of the property and buffer zone of the necropolis; ...
42.
Pakistan,a) Demolition of two of the tanks and partial demolition of a third tank of the hydraulic works of the Shalamar Gardens;
b) Encroachments and urban pressure;
c) Inadequate management mechanisms (including incomplete legislation, lack of financial resources);
d) Lack of definition of boundaries of the Lahore Fort and Shalamar Gardens.,On 1 February 2011, a report ...
43.
Ethiopia,
Insufficient delimitation of this serial property
Lack of conservation and management plans
Lack of appropriate urban planning and building regulations
Urban encroachment and inappropriate new developments
Rising water level / seepage
Structural instability of Stele III
Housing
Interpretative and visitation facilities
,On 28 January 2016, the State Party ...
44.
Mali,
Lack of site management
Armed conflict
,On 31 January 2018, responding to Decision 41 COM 7A.30, the State Party submitted a report on the state of conservation of the property, completed by a report submitted on 3 March 2018, available at http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1139/documents/. These reports provide the following information:
A 2018-2022 Management and ...
45.
Uganda,
Destruction by fire of the Muzibu-Azaala-Mpanga
Ground transport infrastructure: Proposed widening of the Masiro Road
Management systems/management plan: lack of a Master Plan and a complete Management Plan with detailed disaster risk management plan and a tourism management plan
Management activities: Management structure
,On 28 February 2018, the State Party ...
46.
Uganda,
Destruction by fire of the Muzibu-Azaala-Mpanga
Ground transport infrastructure: Proposed widening of the Masiro Road
Management systems/management plan: lack of a Master Plan and a complete Management Plan with detailed disaster risk management plan and a tourism management plan
Management activities: Management structure
,On 30 January 2019, the State Party ...
47.
Pakistan,
Deliberate destruction of heritage
Earthquake
Erosion and siltation/ deposition
Housing
Illegal activities
Land conversion
Management activities
Management systems/ management plan
Other climate change impacts
Solid waste
Other Threats: Stability of the foundations (earth mechanics) of the Jam Nizamuddin II tomb
,On 27 January 2020, and 1 February 2021, the State ...
48.
State of Palestine,
Absence of Statement of Outstanding Universal Value at the time of inscription
Management systems/management plan: Need of a management plan (resolved)
Damage from illegal actions including new construction and archaeological excavations
Restricted access
,On 26 January 2024, the State Party submitted a report on the state of conservation of the ...
49.
Uganda,Destruction by fire of the Muzibu Azaala Mpanga ,On 17 February 2014, the State Party submitted a state of conservation report, which is available at https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/356/documents. This addressed the requests of the World Heritage Committee at its last session as follows:
Revised timelines for the Kasubi Tombs reconstruction project: The State Party ...
50.
Mali,
Lack of site management
Armed conflict
,On 31 January 2019, in response to Decision 42 COM 7A.15, the State Party submitted a report on the state of conservation of the property, available at address: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1139/documents/, providing the following information:
The 2018-2022 Management and Conservation Plan has been initiated, involving the ...
51.
Republic of Korea,Factors identified at the time of inscription of the property:
development of a sustainable tourism management plan
,On 6 June 2019, the World Heritage Centre transmitted third-party information to the State Party regarding the Changneung Public Housing Development project, in the vicinity of the Seooreung component sites (W1) of the Royal Tombs of the ...
52.
Mali,
Lack of site management
Armed conflict
,A report on the state of conservation of the property was submitted by the State Party on 29 January 2013. This report was prepared in a particular context due to the absence at the site of the management structure for the property since 1 April 2012, because of its occupation by armed groups. This period of occupation ...
53.
Libya,a) Need to complete the Management Plan in order to co-ordinate actions in the short and medium term;
b) Need to provide a detailed map at the appropriate scale showing the boundaries of the core and buffer zones;
c) Threat to rock-cut monumental tombs as a result of inadequate protection, leading to vandalism and the development of agricultural activities in the ...
54.
Uganda,Destruction by fire of the Muzibu Azaala Mpanga,Between 8 and 11 November 2010, a joint World Heritage Centre/ICOMOS/ICCROM reactive monitoring mission visited the property to advise stakeholders on the overall reconstruction of the Muzibu Azaala Mpanga, to define in collaboration with the State Party, a Desired state of conservation (DSOC) for the removal of the ...
55.
Ethiopia,
Insufficient delimitation of this serial property
Lack of conservation and management plans
Lack of appropriate urban planning and building regulations
Urban encroachment and inappropriate new developments
Rising water level / seepage
Structural instability of Stele III and Mausoleum
Lack of progress on Church Museum construction
Housing
Interpretative and ...
56.
Egypt,
Rise of the underground water table level and ensuing damage to the structures
Impact on structures due to earth trembling and other forms of damage likely to result from the use of heavy earth-moving equipment (works completed)
Lack of conservation plan, defining short-, medium-, and long-term objectives and establishing technical parameters (materials, techniques, ...
57.
State of Palestine,Absence of Statement of Outstanding Universal Value at the time of inscriptionManagement systems/management plan: Need of a management plan (resolved),On 31 January 2022 and 30 January 2023, the State Party submitted reports on the state of conservation of the property, which are available at https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1565/documents/, and ...
58.
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,,The monuments of Orkney, dating back to 3000-2000 BC, were inscribed as an outstanding testimony to the cultural achievements of the Neolithic peoples of northern Europe. Their culture flourished for around 500-1000 years at a particularly dynamic time in European pre-history.
The monuments include Maes Howe, a ...
59.
India,Air pollution (issue resolved),In September 1996, the “Taj Protection Mission Management Board” (TPMMB) was set up as per suggestions of the Supreme Court of India for the environmental protection of the Taj Mahal. Consequently the TPMMB was formed under the Chairpersonship of the Chief Secretary of the State Government of Uttar Pradesh. The TPMMB was to approve ...
60.
India,Air pollution (issue resolved),In September 1996, the “Taj Protection Mission Management Board” (TPMMB) was set up as per suggestions of the Supreme Court of India for the environmental protection of the Taj Mahal. Consequently the TPMMB was formed under the Chairpersonship of the Chief Secretary of the State Government of Uttar Pradesh. The TPMMB was to approve ...
61.
India,Air pollution (issue resolved),In September 1996, the “Taj Protection Mission Management Board” (TPMMB) was set up as per suggestions of the Supreme Court of India for the environmental protection of the Taj Mahal. Consequently the TPMMB was formed under the Chairpersonship of the Chief Secretary of the State Government of Uttar Pradesh. The TPMMB was to approve ...
62.
Libya,
Need to complete the Conservation and Management Plan in order to co-ordinate actions in the short- and medium-term
Need to provide a detailed map at the appropriate scale showing the boundaries of the property and buffer zone, as well as regulatory measures foreseen to ensure the protection of the property
Inadequate protection leading to threat to rock-hewn ...
63.
Egypt,
Raise of the underground water level;
Risks of flooding (Valleys of Kings and Queens);
Absence of a comprehensive Management Plan;
Major infrastructure and development projects taking place or scheduled;
Uncontrolled urban development;
Housing and agricultural encroachment on the West Bank;
Demolitions in the villages of Gurna on the West Bank of the Nile and ...
64.
Uganda,Destruction by fire of the Muzibu Azaala Mpanga ,On 16 February 2015, the State Party submitted a state of conservation report for the property, addressing the requests of the Committee. A joint World Heritage Centre/ICOMOS/ICCROM Reactive Monitoring mission visited the property from 4–6 February 2015. Both reports are available at ...
65.
Libya,a) Need to complete the Management Plan in order to co-ordinate actions in the short- and medium-term;
b) Need to provide a detailed map at the appropriate scale showing the boundaries of the property and buffer zone;
c) Threat to rock-hewn monumental tombs as a result of inadequate protection, leading to vandalism and the development of agricultural activities in ...
66.
Libya,a) Need to complete the management plan in order to co-ordinate actions in the short- and medium-term;
b) Need to provide a detailed map at the appropriate scale showing the boundaries of the property and buffer zone;
c) Threat to rock-hewn monumental tombs as a result of inadequate protection, leading to vandalism and the development of agricultural activities in ...
67.
Ethiopia,Lack of conservation and Management Plans;uncontrolled constructions;lack of documentation and equipment;lack of interpretation and presentation;lack of the demarcation of the site.,At the invitation of the Ethiopian authorities through letters dated 15 February and 3 March 2005, and by the Italian authorities through a letter dated 5 April 2005 and by a ...
68.
Pakistan,
Significant decay of the property caused by local climatic conditions and alluvial erosion
Stability of the foundations (earth mechanics) of the Jam Nizamuddin tomb
Lack of definition of boundaries of the property and buffer zone of the necropolis
Lack of monitoring
Lack of a Comprehensive Master Plan and a management plan
,The State Party did not submit the ...
69.
Viet Nam,a) Development of the road infrastructure and modern constructions in and around the Citadel;
b) Urban infrastructure of Hué and its surroundings. ,A joint World Heritage Centre/ICOMOS mission visited the property in October 2006. With respect to the four issues raised by the Committee in its Decision 30 COM 7B.71, the mission observed the ...
70.
Ethiopia,a) Insufficient delimitation of this serial property;
b) Lack of conservation and Management Plans;
c) Lack of appropriate urban planning and building regulations;
d) Urban encroachment and inappropriate new developments;
e) Rising water level / seepage;
f) Structural instability of Stele 3.,On 1 February 2012, the State Party submitted a report on the state of ...
71.
Democratic People's Republic of Korea,
Impacts of tourism/visitor/recreation (Need to develop tourism management and interpretation plans)
Management systems/Management Plan (Need to further develop the monitoring system to ensure coordination between the monitoring bodies)
,On 26 February 2019, the State Party submitted a report on the state of conservation, which is ...
72.
Libya,a) Need to complete the Management Plan in order to co-ordinate actions in the short- and medium-term;
b) Need to provide a detailed map at the appropriate scale showing the boundaries of the property and buffer zone;
c) Threat to rock-hewn monumental tombs as a result of inadequate protection, leading to vandalism and the development of agricultural activities in ...
73.
Pakistan,a) Demolition of two of the tanks and partial demolition of a third tank of the hydraulic works of the Shalamar Gardens;
b) Encroachments and urban pressure;
c) Insufficient management mechanisms (including incomplete legislation, lack of financial resources);
d) Lack of definition of boundaries of the Lahore Fort and Shalamar Gardens;
e) Problems relating to the ...
74.
Syrian Arab Republic,
serious weathering of many stone blocks due to capillary rising and variations in humidity and temperature
urban growth of the neighbouring agglomeration
international tarmac road crosses the site
heavy automobile and truck traffic (vibrations, pollution, risk of accidents...)
pipeline crossing the southern necropolis
brightly-coloured antenna on ...
75.
Libya,a) Need to complete the Management Plan in order to co-ordinate actions in the short- and medium-term;
b) Need to provide a detailed map at the appropriate scale showing the boundaries of the property and buffer zone;
c) Threat to rock-hewn monumental tombs as a result of inadequate protection, leading to vandalism and the development of agricultural activities in ...
76.
Egypt,Agriculture Pressure; Lack of monitoring system; Lack of institution co-ordination,At the request of the Egyptian Authorities, in September 2002, a World Heritage expert hydrologist carried out a mission to the World Heritage property of Abu Mena in order to evaluate the solutions proposed by the Supreme Council of Antiquities to counter the negative impact on the ...
77.
Libya,
Need to complete the Conservation and Management Plan in order to co-ordinate actions in the short- and medium-term
Need to provide a detailed map at the appropriate scale showing the boundaries of the property and buffer zone, as well as regulatory measures foreseen to ensure the protection of the property
Inadequate protection leading to threat to rock-hewn ...
78.
Pakistan,a) Demolition of two of the tanks and partial demolition of a third tank of the hydraulic works of the Shalamar Gardens;
b) Encorachments and urban pressure;
c) Insufficient management mechanisms (including incomplete legislation, lack of financial resources);
d) Lack of definition of boundaries of the Lahore Fort and Shalamar Gardens;
e) Problems relating to the ...
79.
Egypt,
Growing number of visitors (issue resolved)
Uncontrolled development of the nearby village (issue resolved)
Deterioration of the monuments (issue resolved)
Tunnel construction project
Urban encroachment
Infrastructure and tourism developments
Development and Urban Infrastructure projects (including Ring Road project)
Absence of a single integrated Plan of Management ...
80.
Ethiopia,
Insufficient delimitation of this serial property
Lack of conservation and management plans
Lack of appropriate urban planning and building regulations
Urban encroachment and inappropriate new developments
Rising water level / seepage
Structural instability of Stele III and Mausoleum
Lack of progress on Church Museum construction
Housing
Interpretative and ...
81.
Madagascar,,WHC:
On 26 February 2003, the President of Madagascar met with the Director-General of UNESCO. One of the points discussed was the situation of the Royal Hill of Ambohimanga, some important parts of which were seriously damaged by a tornado on 31 January 2003. A report submitted by the site manager (Mrs. Marie-Hortense Razafindramboa) to the authorities ...
82.
Uganda,Destruction by fire of the Muzibu Azaala Mpanga ,On 8 February 2016, the State Party submitted a state of conservation report for the property, which is available at https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1022/documents and addresses the requests of the Committee as follows:
A new, more realistic project timeline for the completion of the reconstruction of the ...
83.
Jordan,
Heavy flooding in 1996 (issue resolved)
Insufficiency or non-existence of sewage disposal facilities (issue resolved)
Insufficient conservation of antiquities (issue resolved)
Housing (uncontrolled development of villages in the vicinity of the site)
Ground transport infrastructure (construction or road widening projects leading to the site)
Other encroachments ...
84.
Syrian Arab Republic,Before the conflict:
Poor state of conservation
Inappropriate restoration techniques
Lack of a buffer zone
Lack of a management plan
Development projects threatening the significant historic fabric
Since March 2011:
Damage due to the armed conflict
,On 14 January 2015, the State Party submitted a state of conservation report on all cultural heritage ...
85.
Syrian Arab Republic,Before the conflict:
Protection Policy does not adequately integrate cultural landscapes;
Lack of human and financial resources;
Development or infrastructure projects that may affect the integrity of the property;
Management Plan still incomplete and lack of an Action Plan.
Since March 2011:
Damage of historic buildings due to the use of ancient ...
86.
Türkiye,,Xanthos, which consists of an archaeological area covering approximately the ancient city and the archaeological site of Letoon, forms a whole which was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1988 under criteria (ii) and (iii). At the time, ICOMOS had underlined in its comments the need for a management plan including, in particular, the control of the ...
87.
Viet Nam,
Termites invasion (issue resolved)
Fire at the property (issue resolved)
Increasing urbanization
Impact of road upgrading
Rapid tourism development
,The World Heritage Committee, at its the twenty-first session noted the concerns raised by the Bureau over the increasing cases of inappropriate reconstruction and new construction activities taking place in some ...
88.
Mali,
Lack of site management
Armed conflict
,The State Party of Mali was unable to submit a state of conservation report on the property. However, the UNESCO Bureau in Bamako that coordinates the project for the Rehabilitation of Cultural Heritage in cooperation with the World Heritage Centre and the State Party has been able to collect information. This information ...
89.
Pakistan,
Deliberate destruction of heritage
Earthquake
Erosion and siltation/ deposition
Housing
Illegal activities
Land conversion
Management activities
Management systems/ management plan
Other climate change impacts
Solid waste
Flooding
Other Threats: Stability of the foundations (earth mechanics) of the Jam Nizamuddin II tomb
,On 21 November 2022, the State Party ...
90.
Benin,a) Absence of a national legislative mechanism for the protection of cultural heritage;
b) Major deterioration of almost 50% of the earthen structural components;
c) Lack of presentation and interpretation at the site.,The report submitted by the State Party on 15 January 2008 provides information on progress achieved to date :
a) Finalisation of the ...
91.
Egypt,a) Raise of the underground water level (Luxor, Karnak);
b) Risks of flooding (Valleys of Kings and Queens);
c) Absence of a defined protection perimeter for the property and of a buffer zone;
d) Absence of a comprehensive Management Plan;
e) Major infrastructure projects taking place or scheduled;
f) Uncontrolled urban development;
g) Housing and agricultural ...
92.
Egypt,
Increasing flow of pilgrims (issue resolved)
Possible reconstruction of the church over the Saint's tomb (issue resolved)
,WHC:
At the request of the Egyptian authorities, a World Heritage expert hydrologist carried out a mission in September 2002 to the site, with the aim of evaluating the technical proposals made by the Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA) ...
93.
Sudan,
Deterioration as a result of exposure to difficult environmental conditions such as wind with sand and floods;
Urban encroachment;
Absence of a management plan with government commitment.
,On 31 January 2014, the State Party submitted a document containing a brief report on the state of conservation of the property and a concise document entitled ...
94.
Egypt,
Earthquake in 1992 (issue resolved)
Inappropriate restoration works (issue resolved)
Rise of the underground water level
Dilapidated infrastructure
Neglect and lack of maintenance
Overcrowded areas and buildings
Uncontrolled development
Absence of a comprehensive Urban Conservation Plan
Absence of an integrated socio-economic revitalization plan linking the urban ...
95.
Pakistan,a) Demolition of two of the tanks and partial demolition of a third tank of the hydraulic works of the Shalamar Gardens;
b) Encroachments and urban pressure;
c) Inadequate management mechanisms (including incomplete legislation, lack of financial resources);
d) Lack of definition of boundaries of the Lahore Fort and Shalamar Gardens.,During its 32nd session, the ...
96.
Democratic Republic of the Congo,
Armed conflict, lack of security and political instability
Poaching by the army and armed groups
Conflicts with local communities concerning Park boundaries
Impact of villages located within the property
,On 13 February 2017, the State Party submitted a report on the state of conservation of the property, which is available at ...
97.
Libya,,Since its inscription on the World Heritage List, the site has never been the subject of a state of conservation report. In March 2003, the Centre dispatched a mission to Cyrene to assess its state of conservation and identify possible remedial measures. The findings and recommendations of the mission, which had been discussed with the State Party, were contained in ...
98.
Benin,Burkina Faso,Niger,,The Centre has been informed about the planned project to construct the Dyodyonga electricity dam in “W” National Park on the Mekrou River valley, which constitutes the border between the Republics of Niger and Benin. In a letter dated 14 November 2002 the Centre requested the State Parties of Niger and Benin to verify the information ...
99.
Libya,
Need to complete the Conservation and Management Plan in order to co-ordinate actions in the short- and medium-term;
Need to provide a detailed map at the appropriate scale showing the boundaries of the property and buffer zone, as well as regulatory measures foreseen to ensure the protection of the property;
Inadequate protection leading to threat to rock-hewn ...
100.
Egypt,
Natural decay and structural problems
Rising underground water level
Risks of flooding (Valleys of Kings and Queens)
Absence of a comprehensive Management Plan
Absence of strategy to manage and control tourism sustainably
Lack of a Conservation Plan for the property
Limited available technical and human resources
Major infrastructure and development projects taking ...
101.
Mali,
Lack of site management
Armed conflict
,On 28 January 2020, the State Party submitted a state of conservation report on the property (available at https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1139/documents/, providing the following information in response to Committee Decision 43 COM 7A.55:
The International Assistance granted in 2018 has enabled the execution of restoration ...
102.
Uganda,
Destruction by fire of the Muzibu-Azaala-Mpanga
Ground transport infrastructure: Proposed widening of the Masiro Road
Management systems/management plan: lack of a Master Plan and a complete Management Plan with detailed disaster risk management plan and a tourism management plan
Management activities: Management structure (issue resolved)
,On 6 February 2020, the ...
103.
Sudan,
Land conversion
Deterioration as a result of exposure to difficult environmental conditions such as wind with sand and floods
Urban encroachment
Absence of a management plan with government commitment
Flooding
Ground transport infrastructure
Housing
Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure
Management systems / management plan
Wind and ...
104.
Ethiopia,a) Insufficient delimitation of this serial property;
b) Lack of conservation and management plans;
c) Lack of appropriate urban planning and building regulations;
d) Lack of cartography, documentation and equipment.,The World Heritage Committee had requested a joint World Heritage Centre / ICOMOS / ICCROM mission to Aksum to assess its state of conservation ...
105.
State of Palestine,Absence of Statement of Outstanding Universal Value at the time of inscription,In January 2019, the State Party submitted a report on the state of conservation of the property, available at https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1565/documents/. Progress in addressing a number of conservation issues identified by the Committee at its previous sessions is ...
106.
Morocco,N/A,On 6 November 2023, the World Heritage Centre informed the State Party that a state of conservation report would be submitted to the 46th session of the Committee in order to better understand and assess the state of conservation of the property following the earthquake that occurred in the Al Haouz region on 8 September 2023. On 21 February 2024, the State ...
107.
Syrian Arab Republic,Since March 2011:
Damage of historic buildings due to the conflict
Illegal constructions following the start of the conflict
,On 14 January 2015, the State Party submitted a state of conservation report for the six World Heritage properties in Syria, and on 9 April 2015 an update on the Ancient City of Bosra; which are available at ...
108.
Syrian Arab Republic,Before the conflict:
Lack of definition of the properties and of the buffer zones
Lack of conservation and/or management plans
Inappropriate restoration works
Urban encroachment
Exploitation of quarries within the perimeter of World Heritage properties
Since 2011:
Destruction and damage due to the armed conflict
,On 14 January 2015, the State Party ...
109.
Ethiopia,
Insufficient delimitation of this serial property;
Lack of conservation and management plans;
Lack of appropriate urban planning and building regulations;
Urban encroachment and inappropriate new developments;
Rising water level / seepage;
Structural instability of Stele III.
,The State Party submitted a state of conservation report on 30 January 2013. A joint ...
110.
Syrian Arab Republic,Before the conflict:
Protection Policy does not adequately integrate cultural landscapes
Lack of human and financial resources
Development or infrastructure projects that may affect the integrity of the property
Management Plan still incomplete and lack of an Action Plan
Since March 2011:
Destruction and damage due to the armed conflict
Damage of ...
111.
Egypt,a) Raise of the underground water level;
b) Risks of flooding (Valleys of Kings and Queens);
c) Absence of a comprehensive Management Plan;
d) Major infrastructure and development projects taking place or scheduled;
e) Uncontrolled urban development;
f) Housing and agricultural encroachment on the West Bank;
g) Demolitions in the villages of Gurna on the West Bank of ...
112.
India,In 2003: Development project negatively impacting the World Heritage value of the properties of Taj Mahal and Agra Fort (‘Taj Heritage Corridor Project’). The project was suspended by the Indian authorities in 2004. ,On 24 January 2011 reports were submitted by the State Party on the state of conservation of the Taj Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri and Agra Fort World Heritage ...
113.
Libya,
Need to complete the Management Plan in order to co-ordinate actions in the short- and medium-term;
Need to provide a detailed map at the appropriate scale showing the boundaries of the property and buffer zone;
Threat to rock-hewn monumental tombs as a result of inadequate protection, leading to vandalism and the development of agricultural activities in the rural ...
114.
India,In 2003: Development project negatively impacting the World Heritage value of the properties of Taj Mahal and Agra Fort (‘Taj Heritage Corridor Project’). The project was suspended by the Indian authorities in 2004. ,On 24 January 2011 reports were submitted by the State Party on the state of conservation of the Taj Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri and Agra Fort World Heritage ...
115.
India,In 2003: Development project negatively impacting the World Heritage value of the properties of Taj Mahal and Agra Fort (‘Taj Heritage Corridor Project’). The project was suspended by the Indian authorities in 2004. ,On 24 January 2011 reports were submitted by the State Party on the state of conservation of the Taj Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri and Agra Fort World Heritage ...
116.
State of Palestine,,ON 23 March 2018, the State Party submitted a report on the state of conservation of the property, which is available at https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1565/documents/ and reports the following:
The State Party underlines that it has endeavoured to address Decision 41 COM 8B.1, despite challenging circumstances;
A proposed Desired state of ...
117.
Ethiopia,
Insufficient delimitation of this serial property
Lack of conservation and management plans
Lack of appropriate urban planning and building regulations
Urban encroachment and inappropriate new developments
Rising water level / seepage
Structural instability of Stele III and Mausoleum
Lack of progress on Church Museum construction
Housing
Interpretative and ...
118.
Uganda,
Destruction by fire of the Muzibu-Azaala-Mpanga
Ground transport infrastructure: Proposed widening of the Masiro Road
Management systems/management plan: lack of a Master Plan and a complete Management Plan with detailed disaster risk management plan and a tourism management plan.
Management activities: Management structure
,On 6 February 2017, the State Party ...
119.
Egypt,
Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system
Deliberate destruction of heritage (Demolitions in the villages of Gourna on the West Bank of the Nile and transfer of the population)
Flooding: Risks of flooding (Valleys of Kings and Queens)
Housing and agricultural encroachment on the West Bank of the Nile
Human resources: Limited available technical and ...
120.
Türkiye,
Commercial development
Ground/underground transport infrastructure
Low impact research/monitoring activities
Management systems/management plan (including need to identify attributes which support the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the property)
Loss of integrity and authenticity: decay and loss of Ottoman/vernacular architecture
Need for Heritage Impact ...
121.
Egypt,
Earthquake in 1992 (issue resolved)
Inappropriate restoration works (issue resolved)
Rise of the underground water level
Dilapidated infrastructure
Neglect and lack of maintenance
Overcrowded areas and buildings
Uncontrolled development
Absence of a comprehensive Urban Conservation Plan
Absence of an integrated socio-economic revitalization plan linking the urban ...
122.
Syrian Arab Republic,Before the conflict:
Lack of definition of the properties and of the buffer zones
Lack of conservation and/or management plans
Inappropriate restoration works
Urban encroachment
Since 2013:
Destruction and damage due to the armed conflict
,Due to the tremendous escalation of the armed conflict, the Ancient City of Aleppo has been severely damaged ...
123.
Sudan,a) Deterioration as a result of exposure to difficult environmental conditions such as wind with sand and floods;
b) Urban encroachment;
c) Absence of a management plan with government commitment. ,Upon a request from the World Heritage Centre, due to information received concerning threats affecting the property, the State Party submitted a detailed report on ...
124.
Colombia,a) State of conservation of the fabric of monolithic sculpture;
b) Lack of management plan;
c) Lack of buffer zone.,A joint World Heritage centre/ICOMOSmission was undertaken in November 2006, as per the request of the Ministry of Culture of Colombia, following a series of events related to the construction of a road through the archaeological site by the Yanacona ...
125.
Pakistan,a) Urban Pressure;
b) Insufficient management mechanism (including incomplete legislation, lack of financial resources).,On 5 April 2006, the World Heritage Centre received a state of conservation report, dated 31 March 2006, with a copy of the two draft master plans from the State Party, one for Lahore Fort and the other for Shalamar Gardens. This report ...
126.
Libya,
Deliberate destruction of heritage (Inadequate protection leading to threat to rock-hewn monumental tombs, vandalism and the development of agricultural activities in the rural zone)
Governance
Housing (Urban encroachment and uncontrolled building construction leading to destruction of archaeological areas)
Interpretative and visitation facilities (Need for a ...
127.
Benin,
Absence of a national legislative mechanism for the protection of cultural heritage (issue resolved)
Major deterioration of almost 50% of the earthen structural components (issue resolved)
Lack and loss of documentation on the site (issue resolved)
Lack of presentation and interpretation at the site
Lack of sharing of knowledge between site managers and among ...
128.
Sudan,
Deterioration as a result of exposure to difficult environmental conditions such as wind with sand and floods
Urban encroachment
Absence of a management plan with government commitment
Flooding
Ground transport infrastructure
Housing
Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure
Management systems / management plan
Wind and Desertification
,On 25 January ...
129.
Mali,
No management and conservation plan
Pressure from urban development
Deterioration of dwellings
Waste disposal problems
Encroachment of the archaeological sites
Instable security situation
,On 28 January 2020, the State Party submitted a state of conservation report on the property, available at https://whc.unesco.org/, followed by additional information on 26 ...
130.
Libya,
Deliberate destruction of heritage (Inadequate protection leading to threat to rock-hewn monumental tombs, vandalism and the development of agricultural activities in the rural zone)
Governance
Housing (Urban encroachment and uncontrolled building construction leading to destruction of archaeological areas)
Interpretative and visitation facilities (Need for a ...
131.
Sudan,a) Deterioration as a result of exposure to difficult environmental conditions such as wind with sand and floods;
b) Urban encroachment;
c) Absence of a management plan with government commitment. ,The State Party did not submit a state of conservation report which was requested by the World Heritage Committee at its 34th session (Brasilia, 2010). However, a ...
132.
Benin,a) Absence of a national legislative mechanism for the protection of cultural heritage;
b) Major deterioration of almost 50% of the earthen structural components;
c) Lack of presentation and interpretation at the site.,The State Party submitted its state of conservation report on 28 March 2010. The report provides information on the major rehabilitation, capacity ...
133.
Jordan,
impact of new hotels under construction in the vicinity of the World Heritage site of Petra
insufficiency or non-existence of sewage disposal facilities
uncontrolled development of villages in the vicinity of the site
proliferation of shops
insufficient conservation of antiquities
construction or road widening projects leading to the site
other encroachments ...
134.
Egypt,
Rise of the water table, and ensuing damage arising from changes to water table level
Impact on structures due to earth trembling and other forms of damage likely to result from the use of heavy earth-moving equipment (works completed)
Lack of conservation plan, defining short-, medium-, and long-term objectives and establishing technical parameters (materials, ...
135.
Libya,
Deliberate destruction of heritage (Inadequate protection leading to threat to rock-hewn monumental tombs, vandalism and the development of agricultural activities in the rural zone)
Governance
Housing (Urban encroachment and uncontrolled building construction leading to destruction of archaeological areas)
Interpretative and visitation facilities (Need for a ...
136.
Egypt,
Rise of the water table, and ensuing damage
Impact on structures due to earth trembling and other forms of damage likely to result from the use of heavy earth-moving equipment (works completed)
Lack of conservation plan, defining short-, medium-, and long-term objectives and establishing technical parameters (materials, techniques, etc.)
Need for a management plan, ...
137.
Libya,
Deliberate destruction of heritage (Inadequate protection leading to threat to rock-hewn monumental tombs, vandalism and the development of agricultural activities in the rural zone)
Governance
Housing (Urban encroachment and uncontrolled building construction leading to destruction of archaeological areas)
Interpretative and visitation facilities (Need for a ...
138.
United Republic of Tanzania,
Lack of approved boundaries for core and buffer zones linked to the land-use plans and appropriate protection
Deterioration of the architectural heritage fabric
Sea wave erosion
Theft of stone from ruins for use as building material
Lack of functioning local consultative committee
Lack of implementation of the conservation and management ...
139.
Egypt,
Rise of the underground water table level and ensuing damage to the structures
Impact on structures due to earth trembling and other forms of damage likely to result from the use of heavy earth-moving equipment (works completed)
Lack of conservation plan, defining short-, medium-, and long-term objectives and establishing technical parameters (materials, techniques, ...
140.
Libya,
Deliberate destruction of heritage (Inadequate protection leading to threat to rock-hewn monumental tombs, vandalism and the development of agricultural activities in the rural zone)
Governance
Housing (Urban encroachment and uncontrolled building construction leading to destruction of archaeological areas)
Interpretative and visitation facilities (Need for a ...
141.
Egypt,
Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system
Deliberate destruction of heritage (Demolitions in the villages of Gourna on the West Bank of the Nile and transfer of the population)
Flooding: Risks of flooding (Valleys of Kings and Queens)
Housing and agricultural encroachment on the West Bank of the Nile
Human resources: Limited available technical and ...
142.
Democratic Republic of the Congo,a) Armed conflict and political instability;
b) Poaching by local and Sudanese poachers;
c) Inadequate management capacity.,On February 12, 2007 a report of the state of conservation of the five DRC World Heritage properties was submitted by the State Party. The report provides a short overview of on-going park management activities, but ...
143.
Syrian Arab Republic,Before the conflict:
Serious weathering of many stone blocks due to capillary rising and variations in humidity and temperature
Urban growth of the neighbouring agglomeration
International tarmac road crosses the site
Heavy automobile and truck traffic (vibrations, pollution, risk of accidents...)
Pipeline crossing the southern ...
144.
Benin,a) Lack of a national legislative mechanism regulating the protection of cultural heritage;
b) Absence of measures to define and protect the buffer zone of the property;
c) Update of the management plan still outstanding;
d) Major deterioration of nearly two-thirds of the earthen brick structures. ,During its 30th session (Vilnius, 2006), the Committee requested the ...
145.
Libya,a) No exact boundaries of the property and no appropriate cartography;
b) Urban encroachment and development;
c) Obsolete and inadequate restoration methods;
d) Lack of maintenance, insufficient guardianship and control system inside and outside the archaeological area;
e) Absence of a management and conservation plan;
f) Absence of a site presentation and ...
146.
Benin,
Absence of a national legislative mechanism for the protection of cultural heritage (issue resolved in 2007, but significant again in 2020)
Major deterioration of almost 50% of the earthen structural components (issue resolved in 2007, but significant again in 2020)
Lack and loss of documentation on the site (issue resolved in 2007, but significant again in ...
147.
Cameroon,a) Lack of entire approval and implementation of management plan;
b) Mining exploitation project close to the property;
c) Industrial agriculture in the buffer zone;
d) Threats exerted by commercial hunting and deforestation around the Park.,The State Party submitted a state of conservation report of the property on 2 February 2012. The State Party also provided a ...
148.
Georgia,
Lack of a management mechanism (issue resolved)
Lack of definition of the unified buffer zone
Lack of Urban Master Plan of the City of Mtskheta
Insufficient coordination between the Georgian Church and the national authorities (issue resolved)
Privatisation of surrounding land
Natural erosion of stone
Loss of authenticity during previous works carried out by the ...
149.
Jordan,
Heavy flooding in 1996 (issue resolved)
Insufficiency or non-existence of sewage disposal facilities (issue resolved)
Insufficient conservation of antiquities (issue resolved)
Housing (uncontrolled development of villages in the vicinity of the site)
Ground transport infrastructure (construction or road widening projects leading to the site)
Other encroachments ...
150.
Libya,
Deliberate destruction of heritage (Inadequate protection leading to threat to rock-hewn monumental tombs, vandalism and the development of agricultural activities in the rural zone)
Governance
Housing (Urban encroachment and uncontrolled building construction leading to destruction of archaeological areas)
Interpretative and visitation facilities (Need for a ...
151.
Egypt,
Raise of the underground water level
Risks of flooding (Valleys of Kings and Queens)
Absence of a comprehensive Management Plan
Major infrastructure and development projects taking place or scheduled
Uncontrolled urban development
Housing and agricultural encroachment on the West Bank of the Nile
Demolitions in the villages of Gurna on the West Bank of the Nile and ...
152.
Ethiopia,a) Insufficient delimitation of this serial property;
b) Lack of conservation and management plans;
c) Lack of appropriate urban planning and building regulations; ,On 29 January 2010, a report on the state of conservation of Aksum was submitted by the State Party. The report addressed Decision 32 COM 7B.46 of the World Heritage Committee. A joint World ...
153.
Türkiye,
Road near the site with increasingly heavy tourist traffic
Absence of a management plan
Need for a new irrigation canal to diver water from the site
Use of the theatre for the Tomatoe-festival
,In the framework of the UNEP Mediterranean Action Plan, the Coordinator of the Programme "100 Historical Sites of the Mediterranean" carried out a mission to Turkey at the ...
154.
Jerusalem (Site proposed by Jordan),
Natural risk factors
Lack of planning, governance and management processes
Alteration of the urban and social fabric
Impact of archaeological excavations
Deterioration of monuments
Urban environment and visual integrity
Traffic, access and circulation
,A report was transmitted by the Israeli National Commission for UNESCO to the World ...
155.
Egypt,a) Raise of the underground water level;
b) Risks of flooding (Valleys of Kings and Queens);
c) Absence of a comprehensive management plan;
d) Major infrastructure and development projects taking place or scheduled;
e) Uncontrolled urban development;
f) Housing and agricultural encroachment on the West Bank;
g) Demolitions in the villages of Gurnah on the West ...
156.
Syrian Arab Republic,Before the conflict:
Protection Policy does not adequately integrate cultural landscapes
Lack of human and financial resources
Development or infrastructure projects that may affect the integrity of the property
Management Plan still incomplete and lack of an Action Plan
Since March 2011:
Destruction and damage due to the armed conflict
Damage of ...
157.
Iraq,
Flooding
Management activities
Managements systems/management plan
Water infrastructure
Partial flooding and seepage due to a dam building project
Fragile mud brick structures
Absence of a comprehensive conservation and management plan
Destruction and damage due to the armed conflict
,On 31 January 2017, the State Party submitted a state of conservation report, which ...
158.
United Republic of Tanzania,a) Deterioration of the architectural heritage fabric;
b) Lack of approved statement of outstanding universal value;
c) Lack of using the management plan as the main vehicle for managing the property;
d) Lack of approved boundaries for the property and its buffer zone linked to the land-use plans and appropriate protection;
e) Need to extend the ...
159.
Lebanon,
Need for an international safeguarding campaign (issue resolved)
Construction of a tourist complex (land fill) (issue resolved)
Construction project of a large fish market (issue resolved)
Construction project of a coastal motorway (issue resolved)
Uncontrolled construction (issue resolved)
Project to build a new tourist marina (issue resolved)
Road construction ...
160.
Benin,
Absence of a national legislative mechanism for the protection of cultural heritage;
Major deterioration of almost 50% of the earthen structural components;
Lack of presentation and interpretation at the site;
Lack and loss of documentation on the site;
Lack of sharing of knowledge between site managers and among authorities;
Need to distinguish between the site ...
161.
Syrian Arab Republic,
Protection Policy does not adequately integrate cultural landscapes;
Lack of human and financial resources;
Development or infrastructure projects that may affect the integrity of the property;
Management Plan still incomplete and lack of an Action Plan.
,On 28 January 2014, the State Party submitted a state of conservation report of all cultural ...
162.
India,Factors identified at the time of inscription:
Low-impact research / monitoring activities (Lack of comprehensive and accurate documentation of the historic buildings of the property)
Commercial development, Housing (Potential impact of new constructions and development projects on the western section of the property and its buffer zone)
Management Systems / ...
163.
France,,Already in 2003 the World Heritage Centre contacted the State Party following concerns expressed by individuals and specialized press on the state of conservation of the Lascaux cave, part of the World Heritage property. The authorities provided a detailed state of conservation report on 10 April 2003 which was reviewed by ICOMOS at the time.
Repeated concerns have ...
164.
Egypt,a) Raise of the underground water level (Luxor, Karnak);
b) Risks of flooding (Valleys of Kings and Queens);
c) Absence of a defined protection perimeter for the property and of a buffer zone;
d) Absence of a comprehensive Management Plan;
e) Major infrastructure projects taking place or scheduled;
f) Uncontrolled urban development;
g) Housing and agricultural ...
165.
Mali,a) Lack of management structure at the site;
b) Armed conflict.,A report on the state of conservation of the property was submitted by the State Party, which began on 29 January 2013. This report was prepared in the particular context linked to the absence at the site of the management structure since 1 April 2012 due to occupation by armed groups. During this ...
166.
Türkiye,
Commercial development
Ground/underground transport infrastructure
Low impact research/monitoring activities
Management systems/management plan
Loss of integrity and authenticity: decay and loss of Ottoman/vernacular architecture
,On 1 December 2021, the State Party submitted a detailed progress report in response to Decision 44 COM 7B.58, and on 2 February 2022, ...
167.
Georgia,
General need for interior and exterior conservation work on the monuments
Insufficient coordination between the Georgian Church and the national authorities
Lack of co-ordinated management system
Major reconstruction of the structure of Bagrati Cathedral
,At its 34th session the Committee requested the State Party to halt work on a monumental, stone-clad, ...
168.
Syrian Arab Republic,Before the conflict:
Protection Policy does not adequately integrate cultural landscapes;
Lack of human and financial resources;
Development or infrastructure projects that may affect the integrity of the property;
Management Plan still incomplete and lack of an Action Plan.
Since March 2011:
Destruction and damage due to the armed conflict
Damage ...
169.
Pakistan,a) Demolition of two of the tanks and partial demolition of a third tank of the hydraulic works of the ShalamarGardens;
b) Encroachments and urban pressure;
c) Inadequate management mechanisms (including incomplete legislation, lack of financial resources);
d) Lack of definition of boundaries of the Lahore Fort and ShalamarGardens.,The State Party submitted a ...
170.
Mali,
No management and conservation plan
Pressure from urban development
Deterioration of dwellings
Waste disposal problems
Encroachment of the archaeological sites
Instable security situation
,On 31 January 2022, the State Party submitted a report on the state of conservation, (available at https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/116/documents/), providing the following ...
171.
Georgia,a) General need for interior and exterior conservation work on the monuments;
b) Major reconstruction of the structure of Bagrati Cathedral;
c) Insufficient coordination between the Georgian Church and the national authorities (issue resolved);
d) Lack of co-ordinated management system (issue resolved).,At its 36th session (Saint-Petersburg, 2012), the World ...
172.
Sudan,
Land conversion
Deterioration as a result of exposure to difficult environmental conditions such as wind with sand and floods
Urban encroachment
Absence of a management plan with government commitment
Flooding
Ground transport infrastructure
Housing
Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure
Management systems / management plan
Wind and ...
173.
Jerusalem (Site proposed by Jordan),
Natural risk factors
Lack of planning, governance and management processes
Alteration of the urban and social fabric
Impact of archaeological excavations
Deterioration of monuments
Urban environment and visual integrity
Traffic, access and circulation
,A report was provided to the World Heritage Centre by the Jordanian Permanent ...
174.
Jerusalem (Site proposed by Jordan),
Natural risk factors
Lack of planning, governance and management processes
Alteration of the urban and social fabric
Impact of archaeological excavations
Deterioration of monuments
Urban environment and visual integrity
Traffic, access and circulation
,A report was transmitted to the World Heritage Centre by the Jordanian Permanent ...
175.
Jerusalem (Site proposed by Jordan),
Natural risk factors;
Lack of planning, governance and management processes;
Alteration of the urban and social fabric;
Impact of archaeological excavations;
Deterioration of monuments;
Urban environment and visual integrity;
Traffic, access and circulation.
,A report was provided to the World Heritage Centre by the Jordanian Permanent ...
176.
Jerusalem (Site proposed by Jordan),a) Natural risk factors;b) Lack of planning, governance and management processes;c) Alteration of the urban and social fabric;d) Impact of archaeological excavations;e) Deterioration of monuments;f) Urban environment and visual integrity;g) Traffic, access and circulation.,At its 32nd session (Quebec City, 2008), the World Heritage ...