Boysun

Description

On the south-western spur of the Gissar range, in Surkhandarya region, is the world-famous Boysuntog range, which attracts adventure lovers with huge caves, deep canyons and alpine meadows. It is here that huge fossilised footprints of dinosaurs have been found and the well-known Teshik-Tash cave, where the burial of a Neanderthal girl was discovered last century, is located.

Boysun's majestic natural and cultural landscape of verdant mountainsides and flood plains is a true treasure of historical heritage. This unique region, rich in historical and archaeological heritage, includes such iconic sites as Teshik Tash, an ancient monument embodying centuries-old traditions, and the Kushan Wall, which stands as a testament to the former power of civilizations. Kurghanzol, with its mysterious burial mounds, adds a mystical aura, inviting explorers to delve into the mysteries of the past.

Here, in the heart of the region, there are picturesque villages where friendly Makkhallas live, preserving original traditions and customs. Handicraft workshops created by talented craftsmen not only maintain a lively connection with the cultural heritage, but are also centers of attraction for modern seekers of beauty. Unique landscapes and natural and sanitary complexes complete the picture, creating the harmonious unity of man and nature that is so essential to the preservation of historical memory and cultural identity.

Boysun is not just a place on the map, it is a living canvas where history, culture and nature meet in a marvelous dance of time. Landscapes of the ridge Boysuntog, well-preserved biodiversity of territory including rare and precinctive representatives of flora and fauna of the southern mountains of Uzbekistan, belong to the natural heritage of the unique in the aesthetic view. Cultural landscapes were formed during centuries in which alongside with elements and infrastructure of traditional human culture, representatives of flora and fauna of region are organically included and kept, for example as in Sayrob complex.

Most popular magical settlements, the names of which are so full of magic: Kafirun, Derbend, Padang, Rabat. Walnut groves are replaced by juniper forests, alpine meadows delight the eye with their bright green, spreading like a carpet on the slopes. The crystal water of the rivers breathes life into all living things around.

Justification de la Valeur Universelle Exceptionnelle

The Boysun district is renowned for its outstanding universal value, particularly regarding its rich natural landscapes and biodiversity. This district exemplifies the connection between humanity and nature, showcasing unique ecosystems that have been preserved over centuries due to cultural practices and sustainable land management. On its expanses stretch river valleys, amazing plains and striking rocks and caves of ancient people and the deepest caves of the earth.

This amazingly beautiful place is rich in endless green valleys and slopes of snow-capped mountains. Boysun is a fantastic city, which keeps the historical memory of the long forgotten great civilisations: the Great Empire of Amir Temur, Kushan, Greek-Baktrian. Many years ago, trade caravans travelling along the Great Silk Road travelled through this very area.

In 2001, the Boysun region was designated a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.

Boysun district is characterized by a mix of mountainous terrain, lush valleys, and diverse ecosystems. It is home to a variety of flora and fauna, many of which are endemic to the region or are vulnerable species that require special attention. The natural habitats in Boysun support numerous ecosystems ranging from alpine meadows to arid mountain slopes. Protecting these environments ensures the survival of species that contribute to the region's biodiversity, making it an invaluable asset to both local and global ecological structures.

The Boysun district has been inhabited for millennia, leading to a unique cultural landscape that has evolved in harmony with its natural surroundings. The traditional practices of the local population, including agriculture, handicrafts, and sustainable tourism, illustrate a symbiotic relationship between the community and the environment. UNESCO recognizes the importance of cultural landscapes, and Boysun serves as a living testament to the resilience of its people and their commitment to preserving both their heritage and the surrounding nature.

Archaeological evidence suggests that Boysun has been a crossroads of various civilizations throughout history. This region has been influenced by diverse cultures, which has led to a blend of traditions and customs linked to the natural world. The historical paths, ancient settlements, and religious sites scattered throughout the district offer insights into the historical interactions between people and nature over thousands of years. This historical richness enhances the area's outstanding universal value, as it is tied to broader human narratives and migrations.

The Boysun district exemplifies a commitment to sustainable environmental practices. The integration of traditional knowledge with modern conservation techniques showcases an effective approach to managing natural resources and protecting the environment. Initiatives aimed at promoting eco-tourism not only generate economic benefits for local communities but also raise awareness about the importance of preserving this unique natural landscape.

Boysun’s diverse ecosystems provide an ideal setting for scientific research, particularly in ecology and conservation biology. Researchers from around the world are drawn to its unique climatic conditions and rich biodiversity, enhancing educational opportunities for students and professionals alike. The potential for ongoing research and discovery adds to the district’s significance as a site of outstanding universal value.

The justification for the outstanding universal value of the Boysun district lies in its unique combination of biodiversity, cultural heritage, historical context, sustainable practices, and educational opportunities. Protecting Boysun is vital not only for the local and national identity but also for the global community that values biodiversity and cultural diversity. By recognizing and promoting its unique attributes, we can ensure that Boysun continues to thrive as a natural and cultural treasure for future generations.

Criterion (iv): Boysun is a true example of the unique combination of traditional human settlement methods and interaction with nature. It is a region where culture, history and nature intertwine to create a special atmosphere. Traditional land and water use practices in Boysun have been preserved for centuries. Here can be seen an ancient architectural structures, terrace farming, and traditional irrigation systems that are still in use today. The Boysun area is also known for its cultural events and festivals that attract tourists and explorers from all over the world. It is a place where you can see how tradition and modernity harmoniously coexist, creating a unique cultural landscape.

Criterion (v): Boysun is known for its unique cultural and natural features. This region is renowned for its traditions, architecture, and exemplary human interaction with the environment. Boisun's traditional settlements preserve ancient land and water use practices, making this region an important example of Uzbekistan's cultural heritage. Recognizing the uniqueness of the Surkhan oasis, in 2001 UNESCO included the Boysun region among the 19 cultural spaces bearing the title “Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity”.

Criterion (vii): Boysun, a region renowned for its breathtaking natural phenomena and exceptional aesthetic value. From towering mountains to lush valleys, Boysun encompasses some of the most magnificent landscapes on Earth. But what sets Boysun apart is not just its natural beauty, but also the profound connection between humanity and the environment that is exemplified in this region.

Boysun serves as a prime example of how humans can interact harmoniously with their surroundings, showcasing a deep respect for nature and a commitment to preserving its beauty for future generations. The people of Boysun have long understood the importance of living in harmony with the land, and have developed sustainable practices that allow them to thrive while also protecting the environment.

One of the most striking aspects of Boysun is the way in which the local community has integrated themselves into the natural landscape. Villages are built in harmony with the surrounding mountains and rivers, blending seamlessly into the environment rather than imposing upon it. This symbiotic relationship between humans and nature is a testament to the deep connection that exists between the two.

In addition to its natural beauty, Boysun is also home to a rich cultural heritage that further enhances its aesthetic value. The region is known for its traditional music, dance, and crafts, all of which draw inspiration from the natural world around them. This cultural connection to the environment serves as a reminder of the intrinsic link between humanity and nature, and the importance of preserving this bond for generations to come.

Criterion (x): Boysun, located in the picturesque mountainous regions of Uzbekistan, is a unique ecosystem that is of great importance for the conservation of biodiversity in its natural habitats. These areas are not only home to a multitude of flora and fauna, but also provide vital habitats for endangered and threatened species. The conservation of these habitats is critical not only for the protection of local biota, but also for the maintenance of global biodiversity, making them key sites for research and conservation. Special attention should be given to rare and endemic species that, because of their high degree of adaptation and uniqueness, play an important role in Boysun ecosystems. These species, with their outstanding universal value, can provide scientists with valuable information about the processes of evolution, adaptation, and interactions between different organisms.

The flora of the Boysun botanical-geographical region includes 1564 species of vascular plants belonging to 524 genera and 89 families. Of these, 3 species are new to science, 16 species are listed for the first time for the flora of Uzbekistan and 15 species for the flora of the Gissar Range. Presence of 76 species listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan and 65 national endemic species. Mountain and foothill massifs of Boysun botanical-geographical region are one of the centers of modern speciation of such genera as Cousinia Cass. (sect. Coronophora (Juz.) Tscherneva, Regelianae (Juz.) Tscherneva, Kuekenthalia Juz., Homalochaete C. Winkl, Olgaeanthe Tscherneva), Jurinea Cass. (sect. Nanae Iljin, Insculptae Iljin), Astragalus L. (sect. Myobroma Bunge, Halicacabus Bunge, Alopecioides Gontsch., Astenolobium (Nevski) Gontsch., Gontscharoviella Kamelin).

Déclarations d’authenticité et/ou d’intégrité

Historical elements of culture of the territory are in the condition, which has kept their basic features, and form a common cultural massif. Under the protection of cultural reserve will be taken all cultural infrastructure and separate sites that will allow providing their long-term preservation in the constant condition.

Comparaison avec d’autres biens similaires

Significant concentration of elements of culture of the different historical epochs, which have kept in relatively small territory with rich biological variety, is the unique phenomenon, and has a universal value.

Boysun District is situated at an elevation ranging from 800 to 2,200 meters above sea level, nestled in the foothills of the Western Tien Shan mountains. This mountainous terrain contributes to its diverse microclimates and ecosystems. In comparison, districts such as the Gissar Valley in Tajikistan also exhibit significant elevation changes but are distinguished by their more extensive river systems which support different types of vegetation and wildlife.

The rugged topography of Boysun leads to a variety of habitats - from arid steppes to lush mountain forests - similar to those found in areas like the Fergana Valley. However, while Fergana is predominantly agricultural due to its fertile plains, Boysun retains a more untouched natural environment that fosters endemic species not found elsewhere.

Biodiversity in Boysun is notable for its high levels of endemism; several plant and animal species are unique to this region due to its isolated geographical conditions. For instance, the presence of rare flora such as “Ferula” species (giant fennel) reflects the district's distinct ecological niche. In contrast, districts like Samarkand may host a broader range of species due to more varied climatic conditions but lack the same level of endemism found in Boysun.

Cultural practices surrounding nature also differ significantly between Boysun and other similar properties. The inhabitants of Boysun have traditionally engaged in sustainable practices that reflect their deep connection with their environment - such as seasonal migration patterns for pastoral activities that align with natural resource availability. This contrasts sharply with regions like Bukhara where agricultural intensification has led to environmental degradation.

In addition, cultural festivals in Boysun often celebrate local flora and fauna through traditional music and dance, reinforcing community ties with nature. Such practices are less prevalent in urbanized districts where industrialization has overshadowed traditional ecological knowledge.

In conclusion, while there are similarities between Boysun District and other comparable regions regarding geographical features and biodiversity, significant differences exist that underscore the uniqueness of this area. The interplay between geography, ecology, and culture in Boysun creates a distinctive landscape that not only supports diverse life forms but also fosters sustainable human-environment interactions. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for conservation efforts aimed at preserving both natural habitats and cultural heritage within this remarkable district.