State of Conservation

States Parties

Albania Andorra Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Canada Croatia Cyprus Czechia Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Holy See Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Montenegro North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Türkiye Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United States of America

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 285 Housing 179 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 105 Ground transport infrastructure 92 Surface water pollution 64 Legal framework 54 Water infrastructure 49 Illegal activities 45 Mining 44 Management activities 39 Forestry /wood production 35 Financial resources 31 Interpretative and visitation facilities 28 Oil and gas 27 Major linear utilities 26 Storms 24 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 23 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 23 Deliberate destruction of heritage 23 Renewable energy facilities 19 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 19 Water (rain/water table) 18 Earthquake 18 Relative humidity 17 Water (extraction) 16 Marine transport infrastructure 15 Commercial development 14 Industrial areas 14 Localised utilities 14 Solid waste 14 Crop production 14 Invasive / alien freshwater species 13 Air pollution 12 Quarrying 12 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 11 Human resources 11 War 9 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 9 Pollution of marine waters 8 Fire (widlfires) 7 High impact research / monitoring activities 7 Air transport infrastructure 6 Underground transport infrastructure 6 Ground water pollution 6 Input of excess energy 6 Micro-organisms 6 Governance 6 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 5 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 4 Temperature 4 Radiation/light 3 Wind 3 Terrorism 3 Flooding 3 Land conversion 2 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 2 Society's valuing of heritage 2 Civil unrest 2 Temperature change 2 Non-renewable energy facilities 1 Commercial hunting 1 Subsistence hunting 1 Pests 1 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 1 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 1