State of Conservation
States Parties: | Yemen |
Year: | 2002 |
Document Source: | WHC-02/CONF.202/18 |
Threats*: | Deliberate destruction of heritage Erosion and siltation/ deposition Housing Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Management activities Management systems/ management plan Relative humidity Solid waste |
Other Threats: | Lack of conservation measures |
Danger List: | Yes |
States Parties: | Yemen |
Year: | 2001 |
Document Source: | WHC-01/CONF.208/09,WHC-01/CONF.208/9,WHC-2001/CONF.205/4 |
Threats*: | Deliberate destruction of heritage Erosion and siltation/ deposition Housing Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Management activities Management systems/ management plan Relative humidity Solid waste |
Other Threats: | Lack of conservation measures |
Danger List: | Yes |
States Parties: | Yemen |
Year: | 2000 |
Document Source: | WHC-2000/CONF.204/10 |
Threats*: | Deliberate destruction of heritage Erosion and siltation/ deposition Housing Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Management activities Relative humidity Solid waste |
Other Threats: | Lack of conservation measures |
States Parties: | Yemen |
Year: | 1998 |
Document Source: | WHC-98/CONF.201/3B |
Threats*: | Erosion and siltation/ deposition Management activities Relative humidity Solid waste |
States Parties: | Yemen |
Year: | 1997 |
Document Source: | WHC-97/CONF.208/4B |
Threats*: | Erosion and siltation/ deposition Management activities Relative humidity Solid waste |
States Parties: | Yemen |
Year: | 1996 |
Document Source: | WHC-96/CONF.201/7B,WHC-96/CONF.202/2B |
Threats*: | Erosion and siltation/ deposition Management activities Relative humidity Solid waste |
States Parties: | Tunisia |
Year: | 2010 |
Document Source: | WHC-10/34.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) Water infrastructure |
States Parties: | Tunisia |
Year: | 2008 |
Document Source: | WHC-08/32.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) Water infrastructure |
States Parties: | Tunisia |
Year: | 2007 |
Document Source: | WHC-07/31.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) Water infrastructure |
States Parties: | Tunisia |
Year: | 2006 |
Document Source: | WHC-06/30.COM/7A |
Threats*: | Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) Water infrastructure |
Danger List: | Yes |
States Parties: | Tunisia |
Year: | 2005 |
Document Source: | WHC-05/29.COM/7A |
Threats*: | Management systems/ management plan Water infrastructure |
Danger List: | Yes |
States Parties: | Tunisia |
Year: | 2004 |
Document Source: | WHC-04/28.COM/15A.Rev |
Threats*: | Management systems/ management plan Water infrastructure |
Danger List: | Yes |
States Parties: | Tunisia |
Year: | 2003 |
Document Source: | WHC.03/27.COM/7A |
Threats*: | Air pollution Erosion and siltation/ deposition Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Management systems/ management plan Subsistence hunting Water (rain/water table) Water infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Excessive salinity of the water |
Danger List: | Yes |
States Parties: | Tunisia |
Year: | 2002 |
Document Source: | WHC-02/CONF.202/18 |
Threats*: | Air pollution Erosion and siltation/ deposition Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Management systems/ management plan Subsistence hunting Water (rain/water table) Water infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Excessive salinity of the water |
Danger List: | Yes |
States Parties: | Tunisia |
Year: | 2001 |
Document Source: | WHC-01/CONF.208/09,WHC-01/CONF.208/9,WHC-2001/CONF.205/4 |
Threats*: | Air pollution Erosion and siltation/ deposition Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Management systems/ management plan Subsistence hunting Water (rain/water table) Water infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Excessive salinity of the water |
Danger List: | Yes |
States Parties: | Tunisia |
Year: | 2000 |
Document Source: | WHC-2000/CONF.202/4,WHC-2000/CONF.204/9,WHC-99/CONF.204/INF.11 |
Threats*: | Air pollution Erosion and siltation/ deposition Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Management systems/ management plan Subsistence hunting Water (rain/water table) Water infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Excessive salinity of the water |
Danger List: | Yes |
States Parties: | Tunisia |
Year: | 1999 |
Document Source: | WHC-99/CONF.204/4,WHC-99/CONF.209/13,WHC-99/CONF.209/INF.9,WHC.99/CONF.209/INF.9 |
Threats*: | Air pollution Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Subsistence hunting Water (rain/water table) Water infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Excessive salinity of the water |
Danger List: | Yes |
States Parties: | Tunisia |
Year: | 1998 |
Document Source: | WHC-98/CONF.201/3A,WHC-98/CONF.203/7 |
Threats*: | Air pollution Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Subsistence hunting Water (rain/water table) Water infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Excessive salinity of the water |
Danger List: | Yes |
States Parties: | Tunisia |
Year: | 1997 |
Document Source: | WHC-97/CONF.204/2A,WHC-97/CONF.208/8A |
Threats*: | Air pollution Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Subsistence hunting Water (rain/water table) Water infrastructure |
Danger List: | Yes |
States Parties: | Tunisia |
Year: | 1996 |
Document Source: | WHC-96/CONF.201/7B,WHC-96/CONF.202/2B |
Threats*: | Air pollution Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Subsistence hunting Water (rain/water table) Water infrastructure |
States Parties: | Tunisia |
Year: | 1990 |
Document Source: | CC-90/CONF.003/3 |
Threats*: | Financial resources |
States Parties: | Tunisia |
Year: | 1989 |
Document Source: | SC-89/CONF.003/12,SC-89/CONF.003/2,SC-89/CONF.004/12,SC-89/CONF.004/5 |
Threats*: | Air pollution Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Subsistence hunting Water (rain/water table) Water infrastructure |
States Parties: | Tunisia |
Year: | 1987 |
Document Source: | SC-87/CONF.005/INF.1 |
Threats*: | Air pollution Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Subsistence hunting Water (rain/water table) Water infrastructure |
States Parties: | Tunisia |
Year: | 1986 |
Document Source: | CC-86/CONF.001/11,CC-86/CONF.003/INF.4 |
Threats*: | Air pollution Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Subsistence hunting Water (rain/water table) Water infrastructure |
States Parties: | Tunisia |
Year: | 1985 |
Document Source: | SC-85/CONF.008/9 |
Threats*: | Air pollution Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Subsistence hunting Water (rain/water table) Water infrastructure |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 2023 |
Document Source: | WHC/23/45.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system Erosion and siltation/ deposition Land conversion Management activities Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 2021 |
Document Source: | WHC/21/44.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system Erosion and siltation/ deposition Land conversion Management activities Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 2019 |
Document Source: | WHC/19/43.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system Erosion and siltation/ deposition Land conversion Management activities Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 2017 |
Document Source: | WHC/17/41.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system Erosion and siltation/ deposition Land conversion Management activities Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 2015 |
Document Source: | WHC-15/39.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system Erosion and siltation/ deposition Land conversion Management activities Management systems/ management plan Underground transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 2013 |
Document Source: | WHC-13/37.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system Erosion and siltation/ deposition Land conversion Management activities Management systems/ management plan Underground transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 2011 |
Document Source: | WHC-11/35.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system Erosion and siltation/ deposition Land conversion Management activities Management systems/ management plan Underground transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 2009 |
Document Source: | WHC-09/33.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system Erosion and siltation/ deposition Land conversion Management systems/ management plan Underground transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | b) Lack of maintenance of dwelling places; |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 2007 |
Document Source: | WHC-07/31.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system Erosion and siltation/ deposition Land conversion Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats: | Poor upkeep of the dwelling places |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 2005 |
Document Source: | WHC-05/29.COM/7B.Rev |
Threats*: | Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system Erosion and siltation/ deposition Land conversion Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats: | a) Lack of maintenance of housing; b) Collapse of houses (three dead and others injured in May 2002) |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 2004 |
Document Source: | WHC-04/28.COM/15B |
Threats*: | Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats: | a) Natural erosion, b) Dilapidation, c) Lack of maintenance |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 2003 |
Document Source: | WHC.03/27.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Human resources Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 2001 |
Document Source: | WHC-01/CONF.208/10 |
Threats*: | Human resources Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 1996 |
Document Source: | WHC-96/CONF.201/7B |
Threats*: | Human resources Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 1995 |
Document Source: | WHC-95/CONF.203/5,WHC-95/CONF.203/5 Add.1 |
Threats*: | Human resources Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 1994 |
Document Source: | WHC.94/CONF.003/16 |
Threats*: | Human resources Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 1993 |
Document Source: | WHC-93/CONF.002/14 |
Threats*: | Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 2024 |
Document Source: | WHC/24/46.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Erosion and siltation/ deposition Flooding Management systems/ management plan Society's valuing of heritage |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 2021 |
Document Source: | WHC/21/44.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Deliberate destruction of heritage Erosion and siltation/ deposition Flooding Governance Ground transport infrastructure Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Management systems/ management plan Society's valuing of heritage |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 2019 |
Document Source: | WHC/19/43.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Deliberate destruction of heritage Erosion and siltation/ deposition Flooding Ground transport infrastructure Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 2017 |
Document Source: | WHC/17/41.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Deliberate destruction of heritage Erosion and siltation/ deposition Flooding Ground transport infrastructure Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 2015 |
Document Source: | WHC-15/39.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Deliberate destruction of heritage Erosion and siltation/ deposition Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 2014 |
Document Source: | WHC-14/38.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 2011 |
Document Source: | WHC-11/35.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Deliberate destruction of heritage Erosion and siltation/ deposition Illegal activities Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats: | Partial abandonment of the property |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 2009 |
Document Source: | WHC-09/33.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Deliberate destruction of heritage Erosion and siltation/ deposition Illegal activities Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats: | a) Partial abandonment of the property; |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 2007 |
Document Source: | WHC-07/31.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Deliberate destruction of heritage Erosion and siltation/ deposition Illegal activities Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats: | Near total abandonment of the property |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 2006 |
Document Source: | WHC-06/30.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Deliberate destruction of heritage Erosion and siltation/ deposition Illegal activities Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats: | Near total abandonment of the property |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 2005 |
Document Source: | WHC-05/29.COM/7B.Rev |
Threats*: | Deliberate destruction of heritage Erosion and siltation/ deposition Illegal activities Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats: | Near total abandonment of the site |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 2004 |
Document Source: | WHC-04/28.COM/15B |
Threats*: | Avalanche/ landslide Deliberate destruction of heritage Erosion and siltation/ deposition Illegal activities Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats: | State of abandonment and degradation |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 2003 |
Document Source: | WHC.03/27.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Legal framework Management systems/ management plan Society's valuing of heritage |
Other Threats: | Site in a state of quasi-total abandon and greatly degraded |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 2002 |
Document Source: | WHC-02/CONF.202/17 |
Threats*: | Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Management systems/ management plan Society's valuing of heritage |
Other Threats: | This site has progressively become degraded |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 2001 |
Document Source: | WHC-01/CONF.208/10 |
Threats*: | Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Management systems/ management plan Society's valuing of heritage |
Other Threats: | This site has progressively become degraded |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 2000 |
Document Source: | WHC-2000/CONF.204/10 |
Threats*: | Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Management systems/ management plan Society's valuing of heritage |
Other Threats: | This site has progressively become abandoned and has degraded |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 1992 |
Document Source: | WHC-92/CONF.002/12 |
Other Threats: | No threat indicated |
States Parties: | Yemen |
Year: | 2024 |
Document Source: | WHC/24/46.COM/7A |
Threats*: | Desertification Flooding Housing Illegal activities War |
Danger List: | Yes |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 2008 |
Document Source: | WHC-08/32.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system Flooding Ground water pollution Housing Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats: | Degradation of the environment |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 2006 |
Document Source: | WHC-06/30.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system Flooding Ground water pollution Housing Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats: | Deterioration of the environment |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 2004 |
Document Source: | WHC-04/28.COM/15B |
Threats*: | Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system Housing Legal framework |
Other Threats: | Heritage badly maintained |
States Parties: | Algeria |
Year: | 2001 |
Document Source: | WHC-01/CONF.208/10 |
Threats*: | Housing Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community |
Other Threats: | Degradation of the overall natural environment |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 2023 |
Document Source: | WHC/23/45.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Commercial development Management systems/ management plan Solid waste |
Other Threats: | a) Progressive deterioration of the built area b) Continuous collapse of buildingsc) Major deterioration of the maritime part of the fortifications of the Medina |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 2008 |
Document Source: | WHC-08/32.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Commercial development Solid waste |
Other Threats: | a) Progressive deterioration of the built area b) Continuous collapse of buildingsc) Major deterioration of the maritime part of the fortifications of the Medina |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 2006 |
Document Source: | WHC-06/30.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Commercial development Solid waste |
Other Threats: | a) Progressive deterioration of the built framework; b) Continuous collapse of the buildings; c) Advanced deterioration of the maritime part of the fortified wall of the Medina |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 2005 |
Document Source: | WHC-05/29.COM/7B.Rev |
Threats*: | Commercial development Solid waste |
Other Threats: | a) Progressive deterioration of the built framework; b) Absence of a rehabilitation policy for the Mellah Quarter; c) Continuous collapse of the buildings and advanced deterioration of the maritime part of the fortified wall of the Medina |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 2004 |
Document Source: | WHC-04/28.COM/15B |
Threats*: | Commercial development Erosion and siltation/ deposition Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Input of excess energy Major linear utilities Management systems/ management plan Solid waste Water (rain/water table) Wind |
Other Threats: | The general state of conservation of the property is a cause for concern |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 2004 |
Document Source: | WHC-04/28.COM/15B |
Threats*: | Deliberate destruction of heritage Housing Illegal activities Solid waste |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 2003 |
Document Source: | WHC.03/27.COM/7B.Corr |
Threats*: | Water infrastructure |
Other Threats: | partial covering of the Oued Boukhrareb |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 1997 |
Document Source: | WHC-97/CONF.204/2B |
Threats*: | Deliberate destruction of heritage Ground transport infrastructure Housing |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 1996 |
Document Source: | WHC-96/CONF.202/2B |
Threats*: | Deliberate destruction of heritage Ground transport infrastructure Housing |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 1995 |
Document Source: | WHC-95/CONF.203/5,WHC-95/CONF.203/5 Add.1 |
Threats*: | Deliberate destruction of heritage Ground transport infrastructure Housing |
States Parties: | Morocco |
Year: | 2024 |
Document Source: | WHC/24/46.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Earthquake |
States Parties: | Tunisia |
Year: | 2023 |
Document Source: | WHC/23/45.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system Governance Housing Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties: | Egypt |
Year: | 2023 |
Document Source: | WHC/23/45.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Housing Interpretative and visitation facilities Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure Management systems/ management plan Underground transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Urban encroachment |
States Parties: | Egypt |
Year: | 2021 |
Document Source: | WHC/21/44.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Housing Interpretative and visitation facilities Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure Management systems/ management plan Underground transport infrastructure |
Other Threats: | Urban encroachment |
States Parties: | Egypt |
Year: | 2019 |
Document Source: | WHC/19/43.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Housing Interpretative and visitation facilities Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure Underground transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Egypt |
Year: | 2018 |
Document Source: | WHC/18/42.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Ground transport infrastructure Housing Interpretative and visitation facilities Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure Underground transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Egypt |
Year: | 2017 |
Document Source: | WHC/17/41.COM/7B.Add |
Threats*: | Ground transport infrastructure Housing Interpretative and visitation facilities Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure Underground transport infrastructure |
States Parties: | Egypt |
Year: | 2016 |
Document Source: | WHC/16/40.COM/7B |
Threats*: | Ground transport infrastructure Housing Interpretative and visitation facilities Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure Underground transport infrastructure |
States Parties
Algeria Bahrain Egypt Iraq Jordan Lebanon Libya Mauritania Morocco Oman Saudi Arabia State of Palestine Sudan Syrian Arab Republic Tunisia YemenThreats
Management systems/ management plan 459 Housing 311 Management activities 188 War 134 Illegal activities 115 Deliberate destruction of heritage 108 Land conversion 101 Ground transport infrastructure 98 Water (rain/water table) 96 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 96 Human resources 92 Legal framework 89 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 80 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 71 Flooding 61 Financial resources 60 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 55 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 54 Governance 48 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 47 Water infrastructure 43 Solid waste 42 Interpretative and visitation facilities 40 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 40 Commercial development 28 Relative humidity 25 Civil unrest 25 Localised utilities 24 Desertification 23 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 22 Oil and gas 21 High impact research / monitoring activities 20 Marine transport infrastructure 19 Air pollution 17 Quarrying 17 Crop production 16 Major linear utilities 14 Surface water pollution 13 Wind 13 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 13 Underground transport infrastructure 12 Subsistence hunting 12 Society's valuing of heritage 10 Earthquake 9 Invasive / alien marine species 9 Mining 7 Renewable energy facilities 6 Storms 6 Temperature 5 Fire (widlfires) 5 Military training 3 Ground water pollution 2 Other climate change impacts 2 Input of excess energy 1 Pollution of marine waters 1 Water (extraction) 1 Micro-organisms 1 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 1 Temperature change 1 Avalanche/ landslide 1
* :
The threats indicated are listed in alphabetical order; their order does not constitute a classification according to the importance of their impact on the property.
Furthermore, they are presented irrespective of the type of threat faced by the property, i.e. with specific and proven imminent danger (“ascertained danger”) or with threats which could have deleterious effects on the property’s Outstanding Universal Value (“potential danger”).
** : All mission reports are not always available electronically.