State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 1154 Housing 561 Illegal activities 407 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 359 Ground transport infrastructure 326 Legal framework 293 Land conversion 275 Management activities 252 Mining 210 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 205 Human resources 176 Water infrastructure 172 War 172 Financial resources 160 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 147 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 140 Civil unrest 137 Governance 135 Interpretative and visitation facilities 117 Deliberate destruction of heritage 105 Water (rain/water table) 102 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 96 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 92 Oil and gas 87 Commercial development 82 Surface water pollution 74 Marine transport infrastructure 73 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 72 Solid waste 67 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 63 Forestry /wood production 60 Flooding 56 Major linear utilities 53 Other climate change impacts 52 Underground transport infrastructure 51 Fire (widlfires) 51 Renewable energy facilities 44 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 44 Storms 41 Crop production 38 Water (extraction) 36 Society's valuing of heritage 34 Air transport infrastructure 33 Commercial hunting 33 Earthquake 28 High impact research / monitoring activities 27 Non-renewable energy facilities 26 Quarrying 26 Invasive / alien freshwater species 26 Localised utilities 24 Industrial areas 23 Air pollution 23 Ground water pollution 20 Changes to oceanic waters 20 Drought 19 Wind 18 Subsistence hunting 17 Invasive / alien marine species 16 Relative humidity 14 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 12 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 12 Desertification 12 Input of excess energy 9 Translocated species 9 Pollution of marine waters 8 Avalanche/ landslide 7 Military training 6 Temperature change 6 Aquaculture 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 4 Pests 4 Hyper-abundant species 4 Low impact research / monitoring activities 4 Micro-organisms 2 Terrorism 2