State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 1752 Housing 921 Illegal activities 644 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 514 Ground transport infrastructure 485 Land conversion 396 Legal framework 393 Management activities 382 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 310 Mining 306 Human resources 262 Financial resources 260 Water infrastructure 247 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 243 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 218 Civil unrest 214 War 210 Deliberate destruction of heritage 186 Governance 170 Interpretative and visitation facilities 157 Water (rain/water table) 154 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 136 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 130 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 130 Oil and gas 124 Marine transport infrastructure 111 Solid waste 109 Surface water pollution 109 Commercial development 104 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 85 Flooding 85 Forestry /wood production 83 Major linear utilities 72 Fire (widlfires) 69 Crop production 68 Underground transport infrastructure 67 Other climate change impacts 62 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 61 Earthquake 59 Storms 58 Renewable energy facilities 53 Water (extraction) 51 Society's valuing of heritage 46 Air transport infrastructure 44 Commercial hunting 43 High impact research / monitoring activities 42 Invasive / alien freshwater species 41 Air pollution 34 Industrial areas 32 Non-renewable energy facilities 31 Wind 31 Ground water pollution 30 Quarrying 30 Localised utilities 29 Drought 29 Relative humidity 28 Subsistence hunting 23 Changes to oceanic waters 23 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 20 Invasive / alien marine species 20 Input of excess energy 18 Translocated species 16 Pollution of marine waters 14 Desertification 14 Temperature change 14 Avalanche/ landslide 14 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 13 Micro-organisms 8 Military training 6 Hyper-abundant species 5 Aquaculture 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 4 Pests 4 Temperature 4 Low impact research / monitoring activities 4 Terrorism 2 Tsunami/tidal wave 1 Volcanic eruption 1