State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) New Zealand Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 2562 Housing 1240 Illegal activities 944 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 748 Ground transport infrastructure 742 Management activities 553 Legal framework 546 Land conversion 531 Mining 434 Financial resources 419 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 404 Human resources 383 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 382 Water infrastructure 319 Civil unrest 299 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 293 Deliberate destruction of heritage 251 Water (rain/water table) 250 War 249 Interpretative and visitation facilities 215 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 191 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 189 Governance 185 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 173 Surface water pollution 168 Oil and gas 166 Commercial development 164 Solid waste 162 Marine transport infrastructure 147 Forestry /wood production 139 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 135 Major linear utilities 112 Flooding 112 Storms 111 Crop production 101 Fire (widlfires) 96 Earthquake 91 Underground transport infrastructure 76 Water (extraction) 72 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 70 Other climate change impacts 70 Renewable energy facilities 69 Relative humidity 67 Air pollution 63 Society's valuing of heritage 62 Invasive / alien freshwater species 62 Air transport infrastructure 57 High impact research / monitoring activities 56 Commercial hunting 55 Localised utilities 49 Wind 49 Industrial areas 48 Quarrying 44 Ground water pollution 39 Subsistence hunting 38 Input of excess energy 33 Drought 33 Non-renewable energy facilities 31 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 31 Invasive / alien marine species 30 Avalanche/ landslide 26 Changes to oceanic waters 23 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 22 Desertification 21 Pollution of marine waters 18 Temperature change 18 Translocated species 17 Micro-organisms 12 Temperature 12 Volcanic eruption 9 Military training 8 Pests 6 Subsistence wild plant collection 5 Hyper-abundant species 5 Aquaculture 4 Terrorism 4 Low impact research / monitoring activities 4 Tsunami/tidal wave 3 Radiation/light 2