State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czechia Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia Ethiopia Finland France Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Haiti Holy See Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Japan Jordan Kenya Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mexico Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Nepal New Zealand Niger North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 1103 Housing 468 Illegal activities 430 Ground transport infrastructure 346 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 324 Management activities 224 Financial resources 223 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 222 Legal framework 194 Land conversion 183 Mining 171 Human resources 158 Water (rain/water table) 136 Water infrastructure 134 Civil unrest 123 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 111 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 109 Deliberate destruction of heritage 92 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 89 Surface water pollution 79 Commercial development 73 Solid waste 72 Interpretative and visitation facilities 71 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 69 Forestry /wood production 68 Storms 63 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 62 War 60 Oil and gas 58 Crop production 57 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 56 Earthquake 53 Relative humidity 52 Major linear utilities 50 Marine transport infrastructure 44 Flooding 42 Air pollution 39 Water (extraction) 33 Fire (widlfires) 33 Localised utilities 30 Invasive / alien freshwater species 26 Governance 26 Input of excess energy 24 Wind 24 Subsistence hunting 21 Avalanche/ landslide 21 Industrial areas 20 Renewable energy facilities 19 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 19 Air transport infrastructure 18 Society's valuing of heritage 18 High impact research / monitoring activities 18 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 17 Quarrying 16 Commercial hunting 13 Underground transport infrastructure 12 Ground water pollution 12 Temperature 12 Invasive / alien marine species 10 Pollution of marine waters 9 Micro-organisms 9 Desertification 9 Other climate change impacts 8 Volcanic eruption 8 Drought 7 Temperature change 5 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 4 Terrorism 4 Radiation/light 3 Tsunami/tidal wave 3 Translocated species 3 Pests 2 Military training 2 Non-renewable energy facilities 1 Subsistence wild plant collection 1