State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia France Georgia Germany Ghana Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Italy Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 514 Housing 249 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 174 Illegal activities 163 Ground transport infrastructure 146 Legal framework 136 Land conversion 111 Management activities 98 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 90 Mining 89 Human resources 84 Water infrastructure 79 Financial resources 79 Governance 70 War 66 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 63 Interpretative and visitation facilities 59 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 54 Water (rain/water table) 51 Civil unrest 48 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 47 Commercial development 46 Deliberate destruction of heritage 41 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 37 Other climate change impacts 33 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 31 Marine transport infrastructure 31 Solid waste 31 Oil and gas 31 Forestry /wood production 30 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 29 Surface water pollution 28 Major linear utilities 24 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 24 Flooding 24 Fire (widlfires) 24 Underground transport infrastructure 23 Society's valuing of heritage 20 Air transport infrastructure 17 Renewable energy facilities 17 Commercial hunting 16 Crop production 16 Water (extraction) 16 Storms 16 Non-renewable energy facilities 14 Air pollution 13 Quarrying 13 Earthquake 13 Invasive / alien freshwater species 11 High impact research / monitoring activities 11 Changes to oceanic waters 10 Industrial areas 9 Ground water pollution 9 Relative humidity 9 Desertification 9 Subsistence hunting 8 Wind 8 Drought 8 Localised utilities 7 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 7 Input of excess energy 5 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 5 Invasive / alien marine species 5 Military training 4 Pollution of marine waters 3 Aquaculture 3 Pests 3 Avalanche/ landslide 3 Hyper-abundant species 3 Translocated species 3 Low impact research / monitoring activities 3 Subsistence wild plant collection 2 Terrorism 2 Temperature change 2