State of Conservation

States Parties

Algeria Bahrain Egypt Iraq Jordan Lebanon Libya Mauritania Morocco Oman Saudi Arabia State of Palestine Sudan Syrian Arab Republic Tunisia Yemen

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 459 Housing 311 Management activities 188 War 134 Illegal activities 115 Deliberate destruction of heritage 108 Land conversion 101 Ground transport infrastructure 98 Water (rain/water table) 96 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 96 Human resources 92 Legal framework 89 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 80 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 71 Flooding 61 Financial resources 60 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 55 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 54 Governance 48 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 47 Water infrastructure 43 Solid waste 42 Interpretative and visitation facilities 40 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 40 Commercial development 28 Relative humidity 25 Civil unrest 25 Localised utilities 24 Desertification 23 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 22 Oil and gas 21 High impact research / monitoring activities 20 Marine transport infrastructure 19 Air pollution 17 Quarrying 17 Crop production 16 Major linear utilities 14 Surface water pollution 13 Wind 13 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 13 Underground transport infrastructure 12 Subsistence hunting 12 Society's valuing of heritage 10 Earthquake 9 Invasive / alien marine species 9 Mining 7 Renewable energy facilities 6 Storms 6 Temperature 5 Fire (widlfires) 5 Military training 3 Ground water pollution 2 Other climate change impacts 2 Input of excess energy 1 Pollution of marine waters 1 Water (extraction) 1 Micro-organisms 1 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 1 Temperature change 1 Avalanche/ landslide 1