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Frontiers of the Roman Empire: Antonine Wall

	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Europe and North America)
Date of Submission:	19/01/2006
Category:	Cultural
Submited by:	Dep. For Culture, Media and Sport Professor David Breeze
Coordinates:	N 55 55 4 W 4 28 10 N 56 00 30 W 3 33 00 United Kingdom, Scotland
Ref.:	2089

Description

The Antonine Wall was built by the Roman army on the orders of the Emperor Antoninus Pius following the successful re-conquest of southern Scotland in A.D. 142. It ran for 40 Roman miles (60 km) from modern Bo’ness on the Firth of Forth to Old Kilpatrick on the River Clyde. For most of its length, the Wall followed the Central Valley of Scotland formed by the Rivers Carron and Kelvin. The Antonine Wall consisted of a turf rampart erected on a stone base 15 Roman feet (4.3 m) wide behind a broad and deep ditch. The material from the ditch was tipped out onto the north side to form a broad, low mound. Along the Wall lay forts usually 3.5 km apart linked by a road, the Military Way. Beside many forts lay an annexe, often containing the regimental bath-house. Between forts lay fortlets, ‘expansions’, which were probably beacon-platforms, and, in one area, small enclosures of uncertain purpose. Beside the Wall lay the camps used by the builders of the Wall. Distance Slabs and other inscriptions recorded the work of the soldier-builders. For a generation from 142 to about 165 the Antonine Wall was the north-west frontier of the Roman empire. On its abandonment, the forts were demolished and the Distance Slabs and other inscriptions carefully buried. The Antonine Wall would form an extension to the existing Frontiers of the Roman Empire World Heritage Site, which at present consists of Hadrian’s Wall and the Upper Raetian German limes. BOUNDARIES: The proposed Site would encompass the whole of the Antonine Wall from the fort at Carriden and the adjacent temporary camps at its eastern end through to the western terminus beside the fort at Old Kilpatrick. The northern boundary would normally be the outer limit of the upcast mound beyond the ditch while the Military Way would form the southern boundary. The adjacent labour camps would be included in the nomination. The nomination would include all scheduled sections of the Antonine Wall. Elsewhere, the Site would be defined as a corridor 40 m wide. The proposed Site would be protected by buffer zones, modelled on the amenity zones published in David Skinner, The Countryside of the Antonine Wall (Perth, 1973) but up-dated to reflect the present position.