State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 1262 Housing 677 Illegal activities 483 Ground transport infrastructure 350 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 346 Land conversion 302 Management activities 296 Legal framework 280 Mining 226 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 224 Financial resources 180 Human resources 180 Water infrastructure 177 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 177 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 169 Civil unrest 168 War 159 Deliberate destruction of heritage 147 Governance 111 Water (rain/water table) 107 Interpretative and visitation facilities 106 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 101 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 101 Oil and gas 98 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 90 Marine transport infrastructure 87 Surface water pollution 84 Solid waste 75 Flooding 64 Commercial development 63 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 59 Forestry /wood production 57 Underground transport infrastructure 49 Major linear utilities 49 Fire (widlfires) 47 Crop production 45 Storms 45 Earthquake 44 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 39 Renewable energy facilities 38 Water (extraction) 37 Other climate change impacts 35 High impact research / monitoring activities 34 Commercial hunting 32 Society's valuing of heritage 30 Air transport infrastructure 29 Invasive / alien freshwater species 28 Localised utilities 23 Air pollution 23 Wind 23 Industrial areas 22 Ground water pollution 21 Drought 21 Non-renewable energy facilities 20 Relative humidity 19 Quarrying 18 Invasive / alien marine species 17 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 16 Subsistence hunting 15 Changes to oceanic waters 15 Input of excess energy 13 Translocated species 13 Temperature change 11 Avalanche/ landslide 11 Pollution of marine waters 10 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 9 Micro-organisms 7 Desertification 7 Military training 3 Hyper-abundant species 3 Aquaculture 2 Subsistence wild plant collection 2 Pests 2 Temperature 2 Tsunami/tidal wave 1 Volcanic eruption 1 Low impact research / monitoring activities 1