State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Estonia Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Greece Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 1097 Housing 610 Illegal activities 433 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 300 Ground transport infrastructure 293 Management activities 243 Land conversion 240 Legal framework 213 Mining 190 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 187 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 166 Financial resources 164 Human resources 155 Civil unrest 147 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 146 Water infrastructure 143 Deliberate destruction of heritage 131 War 104 Water (rain/water table) 93 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 89 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 86 Oil and gas 79 Interpretative and visitation facilities 76 Governance 74 Solid waste 73 Surface water pollution 70 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 69 Marine transport infrastructure 66 Flooding 56 Crop production 52 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 47 Commercial development 46 Forestry /wood production 45 Earthquake 44 Major linear utilities 40 Fire (widlfires) 38 Storms 37 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 32 Underground transport infrastructure 30 Water (extraction) 29 Renewable energy facilities 28 Invasive / alien freshwater species 28 High impact research / monitoring activities 27 Wind 24 Air transport infrastructure 21 Ground water pollution 21 Other climate change impacts 21 Industrial areas 20 Air pollution 20 Commercial hunting 19 Relative humidity 19 Drought 19 Society's valuing of heritage 18 Localised utilities 16 Non-renewable energy facilities 14 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 14 Input of excess energy 13 Subsistence hunting 13 Quarrying 12 Temperature change 12 Translocated species 12 Avalanche/ landslide 11 Invasive / alien marine species 11 Pollution of marine waters 10 Changes to oceanic waters 10 Micro-organisms 8 Temperature 5 Desertification 5 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 1 Military training 1 Tsunami/tidal wave 1 Volcanic eruption 1 Hyper-abundant species 1 Low impact research / monitoring activities 1