State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Czechia Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia France Georgia Germany Ghana Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Italy Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 195 Housing 92 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 62 Illegal activities 58 Ground transport infrastructure 54 Legal framework 48 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 37 Land conversion 37 Mining 33 Management activities 33 Financial resources 30 Human resources 30 Water infrastructure 28 Governance 27 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 24 War 22 Interpretative and visitation facilities 20 Commercial development 19 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 18 Water (rain/water table) 17 Civil unrest 17 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 17 Deliberate destruction of heritage 14 Solid waste 13 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 12 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 12 Oil and gas 12 Other climate change impacts 12 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 12 Marine transport infrastructure 11 Forestry /wood production 10 Major linear utilities 9 Surface water pollution 9 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 9 Fire (widlfires) 9 Underground transport infrastructure 8 Flooding 8 Renewable energy facilities 7 Air transport infrastructure 6 Non-renewable energy facilities 6 Crop production 6 Quarrying 6 Water (extraction) 6 Society's valuing of heritage 6 Storms 6 Industrial areas 5 Commercial hunting 5 Earthquake 5 Invasive / alien freshwater species 5 Air pollution 4 Ground water pollution 4 Changes to oceanic waters 4 Subsistence hunting 3 Relative humidity 3 Desertification 3 Drought 3 High impact research / monitoring activities 3 Localised utilities 2 Input of excess energy 2 Wind 2 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 2 Military training 2 Pollution of marine waters 1 Aquaculture 1 Subsistence wild plant collection 1 Pests 1 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 1 Terrorism 1 Temperature change 1 Avalanche/ landslide 1 Hyper-abundant species 1 Invasive / alien marine species 1 Translocated species 1 Low impact research / monitoring activities 1