State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Czechia Democratic Republic of the Congo Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia France Georgia Germany Ghana Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Italy Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Nepal Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 196 Housing 92 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 70 Illegal activities 62 Ground transport infrastructure 53 Legal framework 53 Land conversion 40 Management activities 37 Mining 35 Human resources 34 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 33 Financial resources 32 Water infrastructure 29 Governance 29 Interpretative and visitation facilities 24 War 22 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 21 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 20 Water (rain/water table) 20 Commercial development 18 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 18 Civil unrest 16 Deliberate destruction of heritage 15 Other climate change impacts 15 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 14 Surface water pollution 12 Forestry /wood production 12 Marine transport infrastructure 11 Solid waste 11 Oil and gas 11 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 10 Major linear utilities 10 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 10 Fire (widlfires) 10 Underground transport infrastructure 9 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 9 Society's valuing of heritage 9 Flooding 8 Air transport infrastructure 7 Renewable energy facilities 7 Air pollution 6 Crop production 6 Water (extraction) 6 Storms 6 Non-renewable energy facilities 5 Commercial hunting 5 Quarrying 5 Earthquake 5 Invasive / alien freshwater species 5 Industrial areas 4 Ground water pollution 4 Changes to oceanic waters 4 High impact research / monitoring activities 4 Localised utilities 3 Subsistence hunting 3 Relative humidity 3 Wind 3 Desertification 3 Drought 3 Input of excess energy 2 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 2 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 2 Invasive / alien marine species 2 Low impact research / monitoring activities 2 Pollution of marine waters 1 Aquaculture 1 Subsistence wild plant collection 1 Pests 1 Military training 1 Terrorism 1 Temperature change 1 Avalanche/ landslide 1 Hyper-abundant species 1 Translocated species 1