Take advantage of the search to browse through the World Heritage Centre information.

i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
viii
ix
x

State of Conservation

534
Reports
208
Properties concerned
82
States Parties with SOC reports
Property Category:Culturalclose
Date end:2001close
Statistics by properties (by regions and categories)
Year Property SOC Regions Categories
EUR-NA APA LAC ARB AFR Cultural Natural Mixed
1979
%of properties with SOC
%of properties inscribed (year-1)
1
100%
8%
1 1
100%
8%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
1
100%
8%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
1982
%of properties with SOC
%of properties inscribed (year-1)
1
50%
1%
1 0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
1
50%
1%
0
0%
0%
1
50%
1%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
1984
%of properties with SOC
%of properties inscribed (year-1)
1
11%
1%
1 1
11%
1%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
1
11%
1%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
1985
%of properties with SOC
%of properties inscribed (year-1)
1
8%
1%
1 0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
1
8%
1%
1
8%
1%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
1987
%of properties with SOC
%of properties inscribed (year-1)
3
21%
1%
3 2
14%
1%
0
0%
0%
1
7%
0%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
3
21%
1%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
1988
%of properties with SOC
%of properties inscribed (year-1)
4
33%
1%
4 3
25%
1%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
1
8%
0%
0
0%
0%
4
33%
1%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
1989
%of properties with SOC
%of properties inscribed (year-1)
5
22%
2%
5 3
13%
1%
1
4%
0%
0
0%
0%
1
4%
0%
0
0%
0%
5
22%
2%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
1990
%of properties with SOC
%of properties inscribed (year-1)
16
47%
5%
16 6
18%
2%
2
6%
1%
2
6%
1%
4
12%
1%
2
6%
1%
16
47%
5%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
1991
%of properties with SOC
%of properties inscribed (year-1)
10
29%
3%
10 5
15%
1%
2
6%
1%
1
3%
0%
2
6%
1%
0
0%
0%
10
29%
3%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
1992
%of properties with SOC
%of properties inscribed (year-1)
25
47%
7%
25 18
34%
5%
1
2%
0%
0
0%
0%
6
11%
2%
0
0%
0%
25
47%
7%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
1993
%of properties with SOC
%of properties inscribed (year-1)
50
69%
13%
50 18
25%
5%
2
3%
1%
23
32%
6%
6
8%
2%
1
1%
0%
50
69%
13%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
1994
%of properties with SOC
%of properties inscribed (year-1)
50
64%
12%
50 27
35%
7%
8
10%
2%
5
6%
1%
7
9%
2%
3
4%
1%
50
64%
12%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
1995
%of properties with SOC
%of properties inscribed (year-1)
35
56%
8%
35 9
14%
2%
11
17%
3%
3
5%
1%
8
13%
2%
4
6%
1%
35
56%
8%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
1996
%of properties with SOC
%of properties inscribed (year-1)
38
59%
8%
38 8
13%
2%
7
11%
1%
3
5%
1%
9
14%
2%
11
17%
2%
38
59%
8%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
1997
%of properties with SOC
%of properties inscribed (year-1)
56
54%
11%
56 16
16%
3%
18
17%
4%
5
5%
1%
12
12%
2%
5
5%
1%
56
54%
11%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
1998
%of properties with SOC
%of properties inscribed (year-1)
72
56%
13%
72 21
16%
4%
16
13%
3%
13
10%
2%
15
12%
3%
7
5%
1%
72
56%
13%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
1999
%of properties with SOC
%of properties inscribed (year-1)
55
50%
9%
55 14
13%
2%
17
15%
3%
12
11%
2%
10
9%
2%
2
2%
0%
55
50%
9%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
2000
%of properties with SOC
%of properties inscribed (year-1)
54
48%
9%
54 21
19%
3%
15
13%
2%
9
8%
1%
7
6%
1%
2
2%
0%
54
48%
9%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
2001
%of properties with SOC
%of properties inscribed (year-1)
57
46%
8%
57 19
15%
3%
14
11%
2%
8
6%
1%
16
13%
2%
0
0%
0%
57
46%
8%
0
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
Threats*
Threats Group of Threats SOC reports Properties
Commercial development Buildings and Development 23 8
Housing Buildings and Development 136 55
Industrial areas Buildings and Development 1 1
Interpretative and visitation facilities Buildings and Development 16 8
Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure Buildings and Development 30 10
Air transport infrastructure Transportation Infrastructure 6 3
Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure Transportation Infrastructure 38 13
Ground transport infrastructure Transportation Infrastructure 60 27
Marine transport infrastructure Transportation Infrastructure 8 5
Underground transport infrastructure Transportation Infrastructure 1 1
Localised utilities Services Infrastructures 11 5
Major linear utilities Services Infrastructures 8 3
Non-renewable energy facilities Services Infrastructures 0 0
Renewable energy facilities Services Infrastructures 0 0
Water infrastructure Services Infrastructures 7 5
Air pollution Pollution 15 9
Ground water pollution Pollution 0 0
Input of excess energy Pollution 0 0
Pollution of marine waters Pollution 0 0
Solid waste Pollution 25 9
Surface water pollution Pollution 4 2
Aquaculture Biological resource use/modification 0 0
Commercial hunting Biological resource use/modification 0 0
Commercial wild plant collection Biological resource use/modification 0 0
Crop production Biological resource use/modification 0 0
Fishing/collecting aquatic resources Biological resource use/modification 0 0
Forestry /wood production Biological resource use/modification 0 0
Land conversion Biological resource use/modification 28 8
Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Biological resource use/modification 4 3
Subsistence hunting Biological resource use/modification 0 0
Subsistence wild plant collection Biological resource use/modification 0 0
Mining Physical resource extraction 6 4
Oil and gas Physical resource extraction 1 1
Quarrying Physical resource extraction 7 4
Water (extraction) Physical resource extraction 0 0
Dust Local conditions affecting physical fabric 0 0
Micro-organisms Local conditions affecting physical fabric 5 3
Pests Local conditions affecting physical fabric 2 2
Radiation/light Local conditions affecting physical fabric 3 1
Relative humidity Local conditions affecting physical fabric 35 14
Temperature Local conditions affecting physical fabric 8 3
Water (rain/water table) Local conditions affecting physical fabric 53 24
Wind Local conditions affecting physical fabric 11 5
Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system Social/cultural uses of heritage 2 2
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Social/cultural uses of heritage 35 13
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Social/cultural uses of heritage 64 31
Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting Social/cultural uses of heritage 0 0
Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses Social/cultural uses of heritage 10 5
Society's valuing of heritage Social/cultural uses of heritage 2 1
Civil unrest Other human activities 0 0
Deliberate destruction of heritage Other human activities 26 13
Illegal activities Other human activities 21 14
Military training Other human activities 1 1
Terrorism Other human activities 4 3
War Other human activities 4 1
Changes to oceanic waters Climate change and severe weather events 0 0
Desertification Climate change and severe weather events 5 2
Drought Climate change and severe weather events 0 0
Flooding Climate change and severe weather events 13 8
Other climate change impacts Climate change and severe weather events 4 1
Storms Climate change and severe weather events 37 21
Temperature change Climate change and severe weather events 0 0
Avalanche/ landslide Sudden ecological or geological events 7 3
Earthquake Sudden ecological or geological events 28 17
Erosion and siltation/ deposition Sudden ecological or geological events 27 11
Fire (widlfires) Sudden ecological or geological events 0 0
Tsunami/tidal wave Sudden ecological or geological events 0 0
Volcanic eruption Sudden ecological or geological events 2 1
Hyper-abundant species Invasive/alien species or hyper-abundant species 0 0
Invasive / alien freshwater species Invasive/alien species or hyper-abundant species 0 0
Invasive / alien marine species Invasive/alien species or hyper-abundant species 0 0
Invasive/alien terrestrial species Invasive/alien species or hyper-abundant species 5 5
Modified genetic material Invasive/alien species or hyper-abundant species 0 0
Translocated species Invasive/alien species or hyper-abundant species 0 0
Financial resources Management and institutional factors 41 18
Governance Management and institutional factors 6 2
High impact research / monitoring activities Management and institutional factors 6 5
Human resources Management and institutional factors 42 20
Legal framework Management and institutional factors 61 26
Low impact research / monitoring activities Management and institutional factors 0 0
Management activities Management and institutional factors 117 42
Management systems/ management plan Management and institutional factors 271 103
Threats by year (SOC reports)*
Threats* Year
1979 1982 1984 1985 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Buildings and Development
1979 1982 1984 1985 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Commercial development 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 1 2 3
Housing 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 4 1 7 9 6 9 13 12 18 18 19 16
Industrial areas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Interpretative and visitation facilities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 2 0 3 1 3 4
Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 4 3 3 2 5 4 3 4
Transportation Infrastructure
1979 1982 1984 1985 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Air transport infrastructure 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 6 4 2 2 3 4 5 4 3
Ground transport infrastructure 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 7 4 4 6 9 9 8 8
Marine transport infrastructure 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 1 1 2
Underground transport infrastructure 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Services Infrastructures
1979 1982 1984 1985 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Localised utilities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 0
Major linear utilities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 3 1 0
Non-renewable energy facilities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Renewable energy facilities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Water infrastructure 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2
Pollution
1979 1982 1984 1985 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Air pollution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 4 0 1 4 2 1 0 0
Ground water pollution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Input of excess energy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pollution of marine waters 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Solid waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 3 2 4 6 1 3 2
Surface water pollution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
Biological resource use/modification
1979 1982 1984 1985 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Aquaculture 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Commercial hunting 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Commercial wild plant collection 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Crop production 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Forestry /wood production 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Land conversion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 3 4 3 2 3 4 4
Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Subsistence hunting 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Subsistence wild plant collection 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Physical resource extraction
1979 1982 1984 1985 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Mining 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
Oil and gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Quarrying 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 2
Water (extraction) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Local conditions affecting physical fabric
1979 1982 1984 1985 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Dust 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Micro-organisms 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pests 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Radiation/light 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Relative humidity 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 3 2 0 0 4 2 4 5 5 2 3 2
Temperature 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
Water (rain/water table) 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 4 3 0 1 7 5 5 5 8 3 4 5
Wind 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 3 1 1 1 2 1 0 0
Social/cultural uses of heritage
1979 1982 1984 1985 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 5 1 1 1 1 5 4 7 8
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 3 3 9 3 3 1 7 6 9 8 7
Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 2 2
Society's valuing of heritage 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Other human activities
1979 1982 1984 1985 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Civil unrest 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Deliberate destruction of heritage 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 4 2 3 4 4
Illegal activities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 5 4 2 3 2
Military training 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Terrorism 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
War 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Climate change and severe weather events
1979 1982 1984 1985 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Changes to oceanic waters 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Desertification 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1
Drought 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Flooding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 1 1 1 0 3 2 0 1 0
Other climate change impacts 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
Storms 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 3 2 0 3 7 8 9 0
Temperature change 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sudden ecological or geological events
1979 1982 1984 1985 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Avalanche/ landslide 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Earthquake 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 1 2 3 0 1 1 1 1 4 3 5
Erosion and siltation/ deposition 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 4 1 4 3 5 3 2 1
Fire (widlfires) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsunami/tidal wave 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Volcanic eruption 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
Invasive/alien species or hyper-abundant species
1979 1982 1984 1985 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Hyper-abundant species 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Invasive / alien freshwater species 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Invasive / alien marine species 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Invasive/alien terrestrial species 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 0 0 0 0
Modified genetic material 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Translocated species 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Management and institutional factors
1979 1982 1984 1985 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Financial resources 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 6 4 3 3 5 4 6 3 4
Governance 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
High impact research / monitoring activities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 2
Human resources 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 5 5 6 6 2 3 3 2 7
Legal framework 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 7 10 7 5 10 7 5 3 3
Low impact research / monitoring activities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Management activities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 3 10 7 6 9 20 16 17 12 13
Management systems/ management plan 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 4 3 7 21 21 14 21 30 45 41 32 30
Properties
file_download
Categories
file_download
Regions
file_download

* : The threats indicated are listed in alphabetical order; their order does not constitute a classification according to the importance of their impact on the property.
Furthermore, they are presented irrespective of the type of threat faced by the property, i.e. with specific and proven imminent danger (“ascertained danger”) or with threats which could have deleterious effects on the property’s Outstanding Universal Value (“potential danger”).

** : All mission reports are not always available electronically.


top