State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 1048 Housing 507 Illegal activities 370 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 337 Ground transport infrastructure 300 Legal framework 269 Land conversion 252 Management activities 229 Mining 192 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 190 Human resources 163 Water infrastructure 159 War 157 Financial resources 150 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 134 Governance 128 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 124 Civil unrest 124 Interpretative and visitation facilities 111 Deliberate destruction of heritage 93 Water (rain/water table) 91 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 90 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 83 Commercial development 77 Oil and gas 77 Surface water pollution 67 Marine transport infrastructure 66 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 65 Solid waste 61 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 57 Forestry /wood production 57 Flooding 50 Major linear utilities 49 Other climate change impacts 49 Underground transport infrastructure 47 Fire (widlfires) 45 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 42 Renewable energy facilities 41 Crop production 36 Storms 36 Water (extraction) 34 Society's valuing of heritage 34 Air transport infrastructure 31 Commercial hunting 31 Earthquake 26 Quarrying 25 Invasive / alien freshwater species 25 Non-renewable energy facilities 23 Air pollution 23 High impact research / monitoring activities 23 Industrial areas 20 Localised utilities 20 Changes to oceanic waters 18 Drought 18 Ground water pollution 17 Wind 16 Subsistence hunting 15 Relative humidity 14 Invasive / alien marine species 14 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 12 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 11 Desertification 11 Input of excess energy 8 Translocated species 8 Pollution of marine waters 7 Military training 6 Temperature change 5 Avalanche/ landslide 5 Aquaculture 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 4 Pests 4 Hyper-abundant species 4 Low impact research / monitoring activities 4 Terrorism 2 Micro-organisms 1