State of Conservation
Category of site
Cultural site 
Natural site 
Mixed site
Site inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger
Cultural site 
Natural site 
Mixed site
States Parties
Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo Côte d'Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Ghana Guinea Kenya Lesotho Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritius Mozambique Niger Nigeria Senegal South Africa Togo Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Zambia ZimbabweThreats
Management systems/ management plan 249 Illegal activities 180 Mining 107 Land conversion 103 Housing 82 Civil unrest 79 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 77 Ground transport infrastructure 64 War 61 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 56 Financial resources 56 Management activities 48 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 47 Water infrastructure 45 Human resources 45 Oil and gas 43 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 42 Solid waste 31 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 30 Governance 30 Fire (widlfires) 28 Legal framework 28 Water (rain/water table) 27 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 27 Forestry /wood production 25 Interpretative and visitation facilities 24 Surface water pollution 23 Deliberate destruction of heritage 21 Drought 19 Major linear utilities 17 Other climate change impacts 15 Commercial hunting 13 Crop production 13 Subsistence hunting 12 Invasive / alien freshwater species 11 Industrial areas 10 Air transport infrastructure 10 Marine transport infrastructure 10 Water (extraction) 10 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 9 Translocated species 9 Commercial development 8 Ground water pollution 8 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 7 Society's valuing of heritage 6 Air pollution 5 Non-renewable energy facilities 3 Renewable energy facilities 3 Relative humidity 3 Wind 3 Earthquake 3 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 2 Terrorism 2 Changes to oceanic waters 2 Subsistence wild plant collection 1 Storms 1 Low impact research / monitoring activities 1
* :
The threats indicated are listed in alphabetical order; their order does not constitute a classification according to the importance of their impact on the property.
Furthermore, they are presented irrespective of the type of threat faced by the property, i.e. with specific and proven imminent danger (“ascertained danger”) or with threats which could have deleterious effects on the property’s Outstanding Universal Value (“potential danger”).
** : All mission reports are not always available electronically.
