State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) New Zealand Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 2430 Housing 1191 Illegal activities 892 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 714 Ground transport infrastructure 692 Management activities 510 Legal framework 506 Land conversion 501 Mining 410 Financial resources 391 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 372 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 366 Human resources 364 Water infrastructure 305 Civil unrest 288 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 278 Deliberate destruction of heritage 241 War 239 Water (rain/water table) 226 Interpretative and visitation facilities 210 Governance 183 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 180 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 177 Oil and gas 161 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 161 Commercial development 154 Surface water pollution 152 Solid waste 148 Marine transport infrastructure 140 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 124 Forestry /wood production 124 Major linear utilities 108 Flooding 106 Storms 99 Crop production 96 Fire (widlfires) 93 Earthquake 88 Underground transport infrastructure 76 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 70 Other climate change impacts 70 Renewable energy facilities 66 Water (extraction) 66 Society's valuing of heritage 61 Invasive / alien freshwater species 59 High impact research / monitoring activities 56 Commercial hunting 55 Air transport infrastructure 53 Air pollution 52 Relative humidity 52 Industrial areas 44 Wind 43 Quarrying 41 Localised utilities 40 Ground water pollution 39 Subsistence hunting 36 Drought 33 Non-renewable energy facilities 31 Input of excess energy 31 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 30 Avalanche/ landslide 26 Invasive / alien marine species 26 Changes to oceanic waters 23 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 22 Pollution of marine waters 18 Desertification 18 Temperature change 18 Translocated species 17 Micro-organisms 10 Volcanic eruption 9 Temperature 8 Military training 8 Hyper-abundant species 5 Aquaculture 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 4 Pests 4 Low impact research / monitoring activities 4 Terrorism 3 Tsunami/tidal wave 3