State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Estonia Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Greece Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 1121 Housing 622 Illegal activities 442 Ground transport infrastructure 310 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 304 Land conversion 260 Management activities 260 Legal framework 226 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 198 Mining 196 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 167 Financial resources 164 Human resources 160 Water infrastructure 153 Civil unrest 152 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 151 Deliberate destruction of heritage 135 War 121 Water (rain/water table) 96 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 91 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 91 Interpretative and visitation facilities 84 Oil and gas 83 Governance 82 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 74 Marine transport infrastructure 73 Surface water pollution 73 Solid waste 72 Flooding 57 Commercial development 49 Crop production 49 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 49 Forestry /wood production 47 Major linear utilities 43 Earthquake 42 Fire (widlfires) 40 Storms 39 Underground transport infrastructure 37 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 33 Water (extraction) 32 Renewable energy facilities 31 High impact research / monitoring activities 29 Invasive / alien freshwater species 26 Other climate change impacts 25 Commercial hunting 23 Air transport infrastructure 22 Ground water pollution 21 Wind 21 Industrial areas 20 Society's valuing of heritage 20 Drought 19 Localised utilities 18 Air pollution 18 Relative humidity 18 Non-renewable energy facilities 17 Subsistence hunting 14 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 14 Quarrying 13 Invasive / alien marine species 13 Input of excess energy 12 Changes to oceanic waters 12 Temperature change 12 Translocated species 12 Pollution of marine waters 11 Avalanche/ landslide 11 Micro-organisms 8 Temperature 4 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 4 Desertification 4 Military training 2 Hyper-abundant species 2 Aquaculture 1 Subsistence wild plant collection 1 Tsunami/tidal wave 1 Volcanic eruption 1 Low impact research / monitoring activities 1