State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 1163 Housing 585 Illegal activities 432 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 346 Ground transport infrastructure 324 Legal framework 287 Land conversion 283 Management activities 268 Mining 214 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 204 Human resources 175 Water infrastructure 170 War 164 Financial resources 164 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 154 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 151 Civil unrest 146 Governance 122 Deliberate destruction of heritage 116 Interpretative and visitation facilities 111 Water (rain/water table) 103 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 97 Oil and gas 91 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 90 Surface water pollution 80 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 78 Marine transport infrastructure 78 Commercial development 69 Solid waste 66 Flooding 59 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 57 Forestry /wood production 54 Major linear utilities 51 Underground transport infrastructure 50 Fire (widlfires) 48 Other climate change impacts 46 Storms 45 Crop production 41 Renewable energy facilities 40 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 40 Earthquake 36 Water (extraction) 34 Society's valuing of heritage 33 Air transport infrastructure 31 Commercial hunting 31 High impact research / monitoring activities 30 Invasive / alien freshwater species 27 Localised utilities 24 Industrial areas 23 Non-renewable energy facilities 23 Air pollution 22 Quarrying 21 Drought 21 Ground water pollution 20 Wind 19 Changes to oceanic waters 19 Invasive / alien marine species 17 Subsistence hunting 16 Relative humidity 15 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 13 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 11 Translocated species 11 Pollution of marine waters 10 Desertification 10 Input of excess energy 9 Avalanche/ landslide 9 Temperature change 7 Military training 4 Hyper-abundant species 4 Aquaculture 3 Subsistence wild plant collection 3 Micro-organisms 3 Pests 3 Low impact research / monitoring activities 3 Terrorism 1 Volcanic eruption 1