State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 1496 Housing 761 Illegal activities 542 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 436 Ground transport infrastructure 412 Legal framework 366 Land conversion 350 Management activities 333 Mining 269 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 266 Human resources 221 Water infrastructure 217 Financial resources 216 War 207 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 196 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 184 Civil unrest 179 Governance 160 Deliberate destruction of heritage 154 Interpretative and visitation facilities 138 Water (rain/water table) 133 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 121 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 117 Oil and gas 109 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 101 Marine transport infrastructure 98 Surface water pollution 98 Commercial development 94 Solid waste 91 Flooding 79 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 77 Forestry /wood production 69 Other climate change impacts 63 Fire (widlfires) 63 Underground transport infrastructure 62 Major linear utilities 62 Storms 56 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 54 Renewable energy facilities 52 Crop production 52 Earthquake 51 Water (extraction) 44 Society's valuing of heritage 44 Commercial hunting 39 Air transport infrastructure 38 High impact research / monitoring activities 37 Invasive / alien freshwater species 34 Air pollution 31 Industrial areas 30 Quarrying 30 Non-renewable energy facilities 29 Localised utilities 28 Ground water pollution 26 Wind 26 Drought 26 Changes to oceanic waters 25 Relative humidity 23 Invasive / alien marine species 21 Subsistence hunting 19 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 17 Desertification 17 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 14 Input of excess energy 13 Pollution of marine waters 13 Translocated species 13 Avalanche/ landslide 11 Temperature change 10 Military training 7 Hyper-abundant species 5 Aquaculture 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 4 Micro-organisms 4 Pests 4 Low impact research / monitoring activities 4 Terrorism 2 Volcanic eruption 1