Eisinga Planetarium in Franeker
Eisinga Planetarium in Franeker
Built between 1774 and 1781, this property is a moving mechanical scale model of the solar system as it was known at the time. Conceived and built by an ordinary citizen – the wool manufacturer Eise Eisinga – the model is built into the ceiling and south wall of the former living room/bedroom of its creator. Powered by one single pendulum clock, it provides a realistic image of the positions of the Sun, the Moon, the Earth and five other planets (Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn). The planets revolve around the Sun in real time and the distance between the planets is at scale. The model fills the entire ceiling of the room, making it one of the earliest predecessors of the ceiling and projection planetariums of the 20th and 21st centuries.Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
Planétarium Eisinga de Franeker
Élaboré entre 1774 et 1781, ce bien est un modèle mécanique et mobile, réalisé à l’échelle, du système solaire tel qu’il était connu à cette époque. Conçu et fabriqué par un citoyen ordinaire, le cardeur de laine Eise Eisinga, le modèle orne le plafond et le mur sud de l’ancien salon-chambre de son créateur. Actionné par une horloge à pendule unique, il offre une représentation réaliste des positions du Soleil, de la Lune, de la Terre et de cinq autres planètes (Mercure, Vénus, Mars, Jupiter et Saturne). Les planètes tournent autour du Soleil en temps réel et la distance entre les planètes est à l’échelle. Le modèle occupe toute la surface du plafond, ce qui en fait l’un des précurseurs des planétariums de projection et de plafond des XXe et XXIe siècles.Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
مجسم آيزه آيزنغا الملكي للقبة السماوية
بني هذا العنصر بين عامي 1774 و1781، وهو عبارة عن نموذج ميكانيكي مصغر ومتحرك للنظام الشمسي بصورته المعروفة حينها، وقد صممه وبناه مواطن عادي يدعى آيزه آيزنغا كان يعمل في مجال تصنيع الصوف، وقد أنشأ هذا النموذج في السقف والجدار الجنوبي لغرفة الجلوس/حجرة النوم السابقة الخاصة به. ويتحرك هذا النموذج بفضل ساعة واحدة ذات رقاص ويقدم صورة واقعية عن مواقع الشمس والقمر والأرض والكواكب الخمسة الأخرى (عطارد، الزهرة، المريخ، المشتري، زحل)، وتدور الكواكب حول الشمس بحسب الوقت الفعلي وتتناسب المسافات بين الكواكب مع المسافات الحقيقية. ويشغل هذا النموذج سقف الغرفة بأكمله مما يجعله أحد أوائل نماذج مجسمات القبة السماوية المنشأة على السقوف أو المسقطة عليها التي سبقت النماذج المنفَّذة في القرنين العشرين والحادي والعشرين
source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
弗拉讷克的艾辛哈天文馆
天文馆建于1774-1781年间，是基于当时对太阳系的认知建造的动态机械比例模型。构思和建造都由普通市民、羊毛织造商艾辛哈（Eise Eisinga）完成，模型建于他的原起居室/卧室的天花板和南墙。它由单一摆钟驱动，力求真实还原太阳、月亮、地球和其他5颗行星（水星、金星、火星、木星、土星）的位置。这些行星围绕太阳实时运转，行星之间的距离也按比例变化。模型占满了房间的整个天花板，使其成为20和21世纪天花板及投影天文馆的雏形之一。
source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
Планетарий Эйсинги в городе Франекер
Этот объект, построенный в 1774-1781 гг., представляет собой движущуюся механическую масштабную модель Солнечной системы в том виде, в котором она была известна в то время. Модель, задуманная и построенная простым гражданином, чесальщиком шерсти Эйсе Эйсингой, встроена в потолок и южную стену бывшей гостиной-спальни своего создателя. Приводимая в движение одним маятником, она дает реалистичное изображение положения Солнца, Луны, Земли и пяти других планет (Меркурия, Венеры, Марса, Юпитера и Сатурна). Планеты вращаются вокруг Солнца в реальном времени, а расстояния между планетами соответствуют масштабу. Модель заполняет весь потолок комнаты, что делает ее одним из самых ранних предшественников потолочных и проекционных планетариев XX и XXI веков.
source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
Planetario de Eisinga en Franeker
Construido entre 1774 y 1781, se trata de una maqueta mecánica móvil del sistema solar tal y como se conocía en aquella época. La maqueta, que fue concebida y construida por el fabricante de lana Eise Eisinga, está empotrada en el techo y la pared sur del antiguo salón-dormitorio de su creador. Alimentado por un solo reloj de péndulo, ofrece una imagen realista de las posiciones del Sol, la Luna, la Tierra y otros cinco planetas (Mercurio, Venus, Marte, Júpiter y Saturno). Los planetas giran alrededor del Sol en tiempo real y la distancia entre los planetas está a escala. La maqueta ocupa todo el techo de la habitación, lo que lo convierte en uno de los primeros predecesores de los planetarios de techo y proyección de los siglos XX y XXI.
source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
Outstanding Universal Value
Brief synthesis
Located in a modest house within the historic centre of Franeker, the Koninklijk Eise Eisinga Planetarium (Royal Eise Eisinga Planetarium) is the oldest continuously operating planetarium (i.e. orrery) in the world. Built between 1774 and 1781, this accurately working model of our solar system provides an up-to-date and realistic image of the positions of the Sun, the Moon, the Earth and the five other planets that were known at the time (Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn).
Conceived and largely built by an ordinary citizen – the wool manufacturer Eise Eisinga – the planetarium mechanism is ingeniously built into the ceiling and the closet-bed wall of the living room. Doing this made it possible to build a large orrery and to use the room beneath it as a reception and presentation area – just as in modern planetariums. To this day, it is open to the public and used as an educational centre dedicated to astronomy.
The fact that the mechanism is still in working order is evidence of the ingenuity and foresight of its maker, who left detailed instructions for its maintenance.
Criterion (iv): The Koninklijk Eise Eisinga Planetarium (Royal Eise Eisinga Planetarium) is an outstanding example of an 18th-century orrery, representing exceptional creativity in its technical design and execution. The orrery provides an up-to-date and realistic image of the positions of the Sun, the Moon, the Earth and the five other planets that were known at the time. The planetarium mechanism is ingeniously attached to the original beam construction of the house, which was specially adapted for this purpose. In operation almost continuously since 1781, it consists of simple but robust components, such as wooden hoops and discs, and iron pins. As a technological ensemble, it continues to contribute to the dissemination of astronomical knowledge, and in particular to the understanding of the heliocentric model of the Universe. The property is also associated with the transfer of scientific knowledge to a wider audience in 18th-century society.
Integrity
The property includes all constituent elements of the mechanical planetarium, including those that allow its functioning as well those associated with its presentation and the building in which it is located and to which the planetarium mechanism is inextricably linked. This 18th-century depiction of the solar system fills the entire ceiling of the former living room/bedroom of Eise Eisinga. The planets hang like wooden balls from metal rods that protrude through the slots in the ceiling. The mezzanine space above the ceiling houses the pendulum clock and the cogwheels. Despite being made of ordinary materials, such as wood, the mechanism is still in full use and continues to work according to its original design. Thanks to a very strict maintenance regime, almost all the original parts have been preserved.
Authenticity
In operation almost continuously since 1781, the planetarium instrument has retained a high level of authenticity. Aside from necessary repairs, the various components of the instrument have remained unchanged since its completion. Two important sources of information help confirm the authenticity of the property: the first complete description of it, published in 1780 by Franeker University professor Jean Henri van Swinden; and the description and maintenance instructions left by Eise Eisinga in 1784. The almost complete series of guest books that have been kept from the very beginning also attest to its educational significance.
Protection and management requirements
The planetarium building has been designated as a national monument since 1967. In addition, the property bears the blue and white shield, the international distinguishing mark to identify cultural heritage properties protected by the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict.
The property and its buffer zone are part of the larger protected cityscape of the inner city of Franeker. The protection of this area falls under the Environment and Planning Act. World Heritage occupies a special state-controlled position under this Act. The State provides mandatory instruction rules for provinces and municipalities in order to regulate matters in their environmental ordinances or environmental plans. All the rules relating to the living environment are included in the environmental plan. This concerns a balanced allocation of functions to locations (comparable to the current designations), as well as rules in respect of activities with consequences for the living environment.
Since 2001, the management of the planetarium has been in the hands of the Royal Eise Eisinga Planetarium Foundation. The board of the foundation consists of five members from scientific fields (University of Groningen and scientific journalism), the financial sector (accountancy) and local representatives. The day-to-day business is carried out by a managing director and nine employees. The municipality of Waadhoeke has a structural subsidy relationship with the planetarium.
Since it came into operation in 1781, maintenance of the planetarium instrument has taken place on the basis of the instructions of its maker. Approximately every twelve to fifteen years, the planetarium mechanism undergoes major maintenance. In addition, the cogwheels are cleaned, lubricated and waxed annually. All this work is carried out by regional professionals, under the supervision of the curator. Because the property consists mainly of wooden parts, these are checked every two years for the presence of woodworm and longhorn beetle.
