Brief Description
Located on the Danube River in Bavaria, this medieval town contains many buildings of exceptional quality that testify to its history as a trading centre and to its influence on the region from the 9th century. A notable number of historic structures span some two millennia and include ancient Roman, Romanesque and Gothic buildings. Regensburg’s 11th- to 13th-century architecture – including the market, city hall and cathedral – still defines the character of the town marked by tall buildings, dark and narrow lanes, and strong fortifications. The buildings include medieval patrician houses and towers, a large number of churches and monastic ensembles as well as the 12th-century Old Bridge. The town is also remarkable for the vestiges testifing to its rich history as one of the centres of the Holy Roman Empire that turned to Protestantism.
Located on the Danube River in Bavaria, this medieval town contains many buildings of exceptional quality that testify to its history as a trading centre and to its influence on the region from the 9th century. A notable number of historic structures span some two millennia and include ancient Roman, Romanesque and Gothic buildings. Regensburg’s 11th- to 13th-century architecture – including the market, city hall and cathedral – still defines the character of the town marked by tall buildings, dark and narrow lanes, and strong fortifications. The buildings include medieval patrician houses and towers, a large number of churches and monastic ensembles as well as the 12th-century Old Bridge. The town is also remarkable for the vestiges testifing to its rich history as one of the centres of the Holy Roman Empire that turned to Protestantism.
Vieille ville de Ratisbonne et Stadtamhof
Située sur le Danube, cette cité médiévale de Bavière offre de nombreux bâtiments d’une qualité exceptionnelle qui témoignent de son passé de centre marchand et de son influence dans la région dès le IXe siècle. Elle a conservé une quantité notable de structures historiques couvrant deux millénaires, dont la période de la Rome antique ainsi que des édifices romans et gothiques. L’architecture des XI-XIIIe siècles - le Marché, l’Hôtel de ville, la Cathédrale – confère à Ratisbonne un caractère particulier : hauts édifices, ruelles étroites et sombres, murs d’enceinte très épais. Parmi les bâtiments, on trouve des tours patriciennes, un grand nombre d’églises et d’ensembles monastiques, ainsi que le Pont de pierre du XIIe siècle. La ville est aussi remarquable pour ses vestiges qui témoignent de sa riche histoire en tant qu’un des centres du Saint Empire romain germanique qui bascula vers le Protestantisme.
مدينتة رغنسبورغ القديمة وستادتامهوف
تقع هذه المدينة البافارية القروسطية على نهر الدانوب وهي تحوي الكثير من المباني ذات النوعية الاستثنائية التي تشهد على تاريخها كمركز تجاري وأثرها في المنطقة منذ القرن التاسع. لقد حافظت على كميّة كبيرة من البنى التاريخية التي تغطي ألفيتين، ومنها مرحلة روما القديمة كما وبعض المباني الرومانية والقوطية. وتعطي الهندسة المعمارية التي تعود إلى القرنين الحادي عشر والثالث عشر -ومنها السوق والبلدية والكاثدرائية- رغنسبورغ طابعاً مميزاً بالمباني العالية والشوارع الضيقة والمظلمة والجدران المحيطة السميكة. ونجد بين المباني بعض الأبراج الخاصة بالنبلاء القدامى، كما وعدداً كبيراً من الكنائس والمجمّعات الرهبانية بالإضافة إلى جسر الحجر الذي يعود إلى القرن الثاني عشر. وتتميّز المدينة أيضاً بآثارها التي تشهد على تاريخها الغني كأحد المراكز الخاصة بالإمبراطورية الرومانية المقدسة الجرمانية التي تحوّلت إلى البروتستانتية.
Source: UNESCO/BPI
德国多瑙河畔“雷根斯堡旧城”
雷根斯堡旧城位于多瑙河畔，属巴伐利亚州。这座中世纪城市里有许多杰出的建筑，见证了雷根斯堡作为贸易中心的历史，也见证了这座城市在9世纪时对这一地区所产生的影响。雷根斯堡保存了数量众多的历史建筑，包括古罗马建筑、罗马式建筑及哥特式建筑，这些建筑跨越了近两千年的岁月。11至13世纪的建筑，包括市场、市政厅和教堂，至今仍是雷根斯堡的特色，到处是高高耸立的建筑、昏暗狭窄的街道，还有固若金汤的堡垒。这些建筑物中有中世纪贵族的房屋和塔楼、许许多多的教堂和修道院建筑群，还有建于12世纪的古桥。这座城市的著名之处还在于其许多遗迹都展现了这里浑厚的教育和宗教历史。这里曾是神圣罗马帝国的中心之一，后又转奉新教。
Source: UNESCO/ERI
Старый город в Регенсбурге, включая район Штадтамхоф
В этом средневековом городе, расположенном на берегах Дуная в Баварии, находится множество замечательных зданий, являющихся свидетельствами его истории, как важного торгового центра, влиявшего на соседние районы, начиная с IХ в. Здесь сохранились исторические сооружения, относящиеся к почти двухтысячелетнему периоду, включая древнеримские, романские и готические здания. Архитектурные памятники Регенсбурга ХI-ХIII вв., включающие рынок, ратушу и кафедральный собор, все еще определяют облик города, с характерными для него высокими зданиями, темными узкими переулками и мощными укреплениями. Среди зданий средневековые дома патрициев с башнями, множество церквей и монастырских ансамблей, а также Старый мост, относящийся к ХII в. Сохранились многие свидетельства насыщенной общественной и религиозной жизни этого города, являвшегося одним из тех центров Священной Римской империи, которые обратились к протестантизму. Штадтамхоф – это район на противоположном, по отношению к Старому городу, берегу Дуная, где находится исторический комплекс бывшей больницы Св. Екатерины.
Source: UNESCO/ERI
Centro histórico de Ratisbona y Stadtamhof
Situada en Baviera, a orillas del Danubio, esta ciudad medieval posee numerosos edificios de calidad excepcional que atestiguan su pasado de influyente centro mercantil de la región desde el siglo IX. Ratisbona ha conservado numerosos monumentos de su historia bimilenaria como construcciones romanas y edificios románicos y góticos. La arquitectura de los siglos XI a XIII –periodo en el que se construyeron el mercado, el ayuntamiento y la catedral– confiere a la ciudad un carácter singular: edificios altos, calles estrechas y oscuras, murallas muy anchas. Entre los edificios hay también torres señoriales y múltiples iglesias y monasterios, así como un puente de piedra del siglo XII. La ciudad es también famosa por vestigios que dan cuenta de su rica historia como uno de los centros del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico que abrazó el protestantismo.
Source: UNESCO/ERI
レーゲンスブルクの旧市街とシュタットアムホーフ
source: NFUAJ
Old town of Regensburg with Stadtamhof
Historical Description
The history of Regensburg is complex ranging from the Roman Empire to the modern times. The following are the main periods:
• Antiquity: from AD 179, the site became a strong military base (Castra Regina), built in stone. It developed into a considerable trading post with workshops and also had a large temple. The fort had to resist continuous attacks from 230 until the fall of the Roman period in 476, when it finally passed to the hands of the Teutonic tribes.
• Early Middle Ages: the Roman buildings were not demolished, but continued being used and gradually adapted to evolving needs. It became the main centre for the Bavarians. From the 6th century, it was governed by the Agilolfinger dukes, whose palace was in the north-east corner of the Roman fort (Alter Kornmarkt). In 739, Regensburg was made the permanent seat of one of the four old Bavarian bishoprics. The last Carolingian king, Louis the Child, held the last Imperial Diet in the city in 901.
• Later Middle Ages: There followed a period of power struggle, but the importance of Regensburg continued growing. From the 10th to the 13th century, it often hosted royal sojourns, including the christening of Duke Miesko I of Poland, in 966, thus marking the beginning of Polish history. In the 11th century, Bavaria remained royal property, and from 1096 it was again ruled by dukes; the Welf dynasty. In 1139, Duke Leopold IV took over the Bavarian duchy, but he failed to get the support of the Regensburg citizens, who were increasingly involved in decision making.
• Imperial Free City: throughout the 12th century Regensburg was administered by outside rulers, marked also by the struggle between the Bishop and the Duke. With the help of King Philip of Swabia (1198-1208), the citizens of Regensburg finally established a stronger position as an urban commune. In 1245, Emperor Frederick II laid the legal foundation for the establishment of the municipal rule, the election of the Council, Mayor, and the municipal officers. At the crossroads of important trade routes, Regensburg played a leading role in trading with eastern Central Europe and the Balkans. It then developed its contacts especially to Northern Italy and especially Venice. In the 15th century, Regensburg fell behind in comparison to growing cities such as Nuremberg, Augsburg and Ulm.
• 15th century: After long negotiations, a royal governor was appointed by the Emperor to rule Regensburg, in 1499. The first governor prepared the Imperial Government Regulations to guide all important administrative issues. In 1514, in keeping with the city's constitution, an inner and an outer council were established. With some modifications, the constitution remained legally binding until 1802.
• 16th to 18th centuries: Protestantism began officially in Regensburg, with a sermon in the Dominican church, 14-15 October 1542. Rapidly the citizens took over the new faith even though the city council was trying to counteract the trend. During the Thirty Year War, Regensburg was made into a garrison city. There was a bitter conflict between Regensburg and Bavaria, and the city suffered of plundering. In 1633, it was under the siege by the Swedes, but was saved from the worst. However, its economy suffered seriously. After the war, in 1663, Regensburg hosted the Imperial Diet, with some interruptions, until the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, in 1806.
• 19th century: during the Napoleonic wars, Regensburg suffered some bombardment. After the peace treaty between France and Austria, in 1809, Bavaria was able to push its claim to Regensburg, which was handed over to Bavaria in 1810 becoming a provincial city. The destroyed buildings were now rebuilt. After the inauguration of Walhalla in 1842, it was decided to convert the Cathedral, which had baroque interiors, back into its Gothic form, and complete its western towers with Gothic spires. The city started expanding and, by 1878, most of its medieval walls had been demolished.
• 20th century: in the 1930s, some industry was introduced to the city, but outside the medieval city. During the Second World War the town was also subject to bombing, but the Old City remained the only intact historic city in Germany. The population had grown from 29,000 in 1871 to 53,000 in 1914. After the Second World War, due to a flood of immigration, the population grew to 147,000. In the 1950s, the city was subject to restoration and improvement works. The protection of the historic area was integrated into city planning legislation in 1973-75.
Source: Advisory Body Evaluation
