State of Conservation
Category of site
Cultural site 
Natural site 
Mixed site
Site inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger
Cultural site 
Natural site 
Mixed site
States Parties
Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo Côte d'Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Ghana Guinea Kenya Lesotho Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritius Mozambique Niger Nigeria Senegal Seychelles South Africa Togo Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Zambia ZimbabweThreats
Management systems/ management plan 507 Illegal activities 449 Mining 225 Land conversion 207 Civil unrest 186 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 175 Financial resources 170 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 153 Housing 148 Ground transport infrastructure 133 War 132 Human resources 124 Water infrastructure 83 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 83 Management activities 82 Solid waste 70 Legal framework 65 Water (rain/water table) 63 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 62 Oil and gas 60 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 55 Fire (widlfires) 46 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 45 Forestry /wood production 43 Crop production 40 Governance 35 Interpretative and visitation facilities 33 Surface water pollution 33 Commercial hunting 30 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 30 Drought 30 Deliberate destruction of heritage 28 Subsistence hunting 23 Invasive / alien freshwater species 23 Major linear utilities 20 Water (extraction) 19 Marine transport infrastructure 17 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 17 Other climate change impacts 17 Industrial areas 16 Translocated species 16 Air transport infrastructure 11 Air pollution 10 Flooding 10 Storms 10 Relative humidity 9 Wind 9 Commercial development 8 Ground water pollution 8 Society's valuing of heritage 7 Earthquake 6 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 5 Desertification 4 Avalanche/ landslide 4 Non-renewable energy facilities 3 Renewable energy facilities 3 Input of excess energy 3 Changes to oceanic waters 3 Terrorism 2 Volcanic eruption 2 Subsistence wild plant collection 1 Pests 1 Low impact research / monitoring activities 1
* :
The threats indicated are listed in alphabetical order; their order does not constitute a classification according to the importance of their impact on the property.
Furthermore, they are presented irrespective of the type of threat faced by the property, i.e. with specific and proven imminent danger (“ascertained danger”) or with threats which could have deleterious effects on the property’s Outstanding Universal Value (“potential danger”).
** : All mission reports are not always available electronically.
