Inscription refers to the act of including or inscribing a property in the World Heritage List. To be included on the World Heritage List, sites must be of Outstanding Universal Value and meet at least one out of ten selection criteria.
These criteria are explained in the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention which, besides the text of the Convention, is the main working tool on World Heritage. The criteria are regularly revised by the Committee to reflect the evolution of the World Heritage concept itself.
Until the end of 2004, World Heritage sites were selected on the basis of six cultural and four natural criteria. With the adoption of the revised Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention, only one set of ten criteria exists.
Source(s): https://whc.unesco.org/en/criteria/
L’inscription désigne l’acte d’inclure ou d’inscrire un bien sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial. Pour figurer sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial, les sites doivent avoir une valeur universelle exceptionnelle et satisfaire à au moins un des dix critères de sélection.
Ces critères sont expliqués dans les Orientations devant guider la mise en oeuvre de la Convention du patrimoine mondial qui est, avec le texte de la Convention, le principal outil de travail pour tout ce qui concerne le patrimoine mondial. Les critères sont régulièrement révisés par le Comité pour rester en phase avec l'évolution du concept même de patrimoine mondial.
Jusqu'à la fin de 2004, les sites du patrimoine mondial étaient sélectionnés sur la base de six critères culturels et quatre critères naturels. Avec l'adoption de la version révisée des Orientations, il n'existe plus qu'un ensemble unique de dix critères.
Source(s) : https://whc.unesco.org/fr/criteres/
Tout bien du patrimoine mondial constitué de deux ou plusieurs aires physiquement séparées, mais liées par leur appartenance à la même formation géologique ou géomorphologique, à la même province biogéographique ou au même type d’écosystème, et qui possèdent ensemble une VUE, ce qui n’est pas nécessairement le cas de chaque élément pris séparément (pour plus de détails, voir paragraphes 137 à 139 des Orientations).
Source(s) : Manuel de référence du patrimoine mondial Gérer le patrimoine mondial naturel
“The organizational set-up that sets out the operational structure and working methods that allow actions to be taken”.
Source(s): Managing Cultural World Heritage
Intangible cultural heritage is the practices, expressions, knowledge and skills that communities, groups and sometimes individuals recognise as part of their cultural heritage. Also called living cultural heritage, it is usually expressed in one of the following forms: oral traditions; performing arts; social practices, rituals and festive events; knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe; and traditional craftsmanship.
For more details, please consult the Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention website.
Intangible cultural heritage is the practices, expressions, knowledge and skills that communities, groups and sometimes individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage. Also called ‘living cultural heritage’, it is usually expressed in one of the following forms: oral traditions; performing arts; social practices, rituals and festive events; knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe; and traditional artisanal skills.
The Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage was adopted by UNESCO in 2003. The convention aims to safeguard the intangible cultural heritage; ensure respect for the intangible cultural heritage of the communities, groups and individuals concerned; raise awareness at local, national and international levels of the importance of intangible cultural heritage, and ensuring mutual appreciation thereof; and provide for international cooperation and assistance. Full details of the convention can be found here.
Source(s): Managing Natural World Heritage
L’intégrité est définie par les Orientations aux paragraphes 87-95. La condition d’intégrité s’applique aux biens naturels et culturels et est définie comme une appréciation du caractère complet ou du caractère intact des attributs vecteurs de la valeur universelle exceptionnelle du bien.
Selon le manuel de référence Gérer le patrimoine mondial naturel (UNESCO, 2013), les 3 caractères clés pour comprendre le concept d’intégrité sont : le caractère complet du bien, le caractère intact du bien et l’absence de menaces. Ces caractères peuvent être définis comme suit :
- caractère complet : tous les attributs nécessaires se trouvent à l’intérieur du bien ;
- caractère intact : tous les attributs nécessaires sont présents, aucun n’est perdu ou endommagé significativement ou se sont dégradés ;
- absence de menaces : aucun attribut n’est menacé par développement, manque d’entretien ou détérioration.
Par exemple, un site auquel une chute d’eau conférerait des valeurs esthétiques, répondrait aux conditions d’intégrité s’il incluait également le bassin qui l’alimente ainsi que des aires en aval intégralement liées au maintien des qualités esthétiques du site (Les Orientations, paragraphe 92).
Source(s) : Gérer le patrimoine mondial naturel
The concept of Integrity is described in the Operational Guidelines paragraphs 87-95. Integrity applies to both natural and cultural properties, and is defined as a measure of the completeness or intactness of the attributes that convey Outstanding Universal Value.
According to the World Heritage Resource Manual ‘Managing Cultural Heritage’ (UNESCO 2013), the key words to understanding integrity are” ’wholeness’, ’intactness’ and ’absence of threats’. These can be understood as follows:
- Wholeness: all the necessary attributes are within the property;
- Intactness: all the necessary attributes are still present – none are lost or have been significantly damaged or have decayed;
- Absence of threats: none of the attributes are threatened by development, deterioration or neglect.”
For example, a property whose scenic value depends on a waterfall, would meet the conditions of integrity if it includes adjacent catchment and downstream areas that are integrally linked to the maintenance of the aesthetic qualities of the property.’ (Operational Guidelines, Paragraph 92).
Source(s): Managing Cultural World Heritage
Equitable exchange and dialogue among civilizations, cultures and peoples, based on mutual understanding and respect and the equal dignity of all cultures is the essential prerequisite for constructing social cohesion, reconciliation among peoples and peace among nations.
Source(s): http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/dialogue/intercultural-dialogue/
International Assistance under the World Heritage Convention is a financial assistance granted to the States Parties to the World Heritage Convention, in order to help them protect the cultural or natural heritage sites inscribed on the World Heritage List or on the List of World Heritage in Danger.
For more information, please visit: https://whc.unesco.org/en/intassistance.
Source(s): https://whc.unesco.org/en/intassistance
An Internationally Designated Area (IDA) is an area accorded international protection status through their recognition and designation under a recognised global or regional designation mechanism.
The International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) is a 1951 multilateral treaty deposited with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) that aims to secure coordinated, effective action to prevent and to control the introduction and spread of pests of plants and plant products. The Convention extends beyond the protection of cultivated plants to the protection of natural flora and plant products. It also takes into consideration both direct and indirect damage by pests, so it includes weeds.
Source(s): https://www.ippc.int/en/structure/
The ‘International Register of Cultural Property under Special Protection’ is a special register maintained by the Director-General of UNESCO of cultural property granted 'Special Protection' under the 1954 Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the event of Armed Conflict.
Special protection represents a higher level of protection in comparison with the general protection derived from Article 1 of the Convention concerning all cultural property falling within its scope, irrespective of origin or ownership. Special protection may be granted to a limited number of:
- Refuges intended to shelter movable cultural property in the event of armed conflict;
- Centres containing monuments; and,
- Other immovable cultural property of very great importance.
The granting of special protection is subject to essentially two conditions: the cultural property in question must be situated at an adequate distance from any large industrial centre or from any important military objective constituting a vulnerable point; and such property may not be used for military purposes.
The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture was adopted by the Thirty-First Session of the Conference of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations on 3 November 2001.
The Treaty aims at:
- recognizing the enormous contribution of farmers to the diversity of crops that feed the world;
- - establishing a global system to provide farmers, plant breeders and scientists with access to plant genetic materials;
- - ensuring that recipients share benefits they derive from the use of these genetic materials with the countries where they have been originated.
Source(s): http://www.fao.org/plant-treaty/overview/en/
Presentation is the explanation of a property and its values to the public (visitors and local people) from established, authoritative information sources; as such it is a largely one-way process of communication.
Interpretation, on the other hand, embraces a much wider concept (in fact presentation is just one element of interpretation) which refers to the full range of potential activities intended to heighten public awareness and enhance understanding of a site. These activities can include print and electronic publications, public lectures, on-site and directly related off-site installations and/or activities, educational programmes, community activities, ongoing research, and training and evaluation of the interpretation process itself.
The Outstanding Universal Value of a World Heritage property is the starting point for interpretation of its values.
The presentation and interpretation of natural World Heritage sites should, as noted in the Convention text, increase people’s awareness, understanding and appreciation of the need to preserve cultural and natural heritage, ensure that future generations understand the values associated with this heritage and help to increase the participation of stakeholders in the protection and presentation of heritage.
Source(s): Managing Natural World Heritage
La présentation est l’explication au public (visiteurs et population locale) d’un bien et de ses valeurs à partir de sources d’information établies, faisant autorité. C’est donc un mode de communication largement unidirectionnel.
L’interprétation, en revanche, est un concept beaucoup plus large (en fait, la présentation n’est qu’un élément de l’interprétation) qui recouvre toutes les activités qu’on peut mettre en œuvre pour sensibiliser le public et mieux faire comprendre un site. Il peut s’agir de publications imprimées et électroniques, de conférences publiques, d’installations ou d’activités sur site ou hors site mais directement liées, de programmes éducatifs, d’activités communautaires, de recherches et d’études sur la formation et l’évaluation du processus d’interprétation proprement dit.
La valeur universelle exceptionnelle d’un bien du patrimoine mondial est le point de départ pour l’interprétation de ses valeurs.
La présentation et l’interprétation des sites du patrimoine mondial naturel visent, comme l’indique le texte de la Convention, à faire connaître, comprendre et apprécier la nécessité de préserver le patrimoine culturel et naturel, à faire en sorte que les générations futures comprennent les valeurs associées à ce patrimoine, et à accroître la participation à la protection et à la présentation du patrimoine.
Source(s) : Gérer le patrimoine mondial naturel