attendre version anglaise définitive
Il s’agit des professionnels en charge direct de la conservation du patrimoine et de la gestion des biens du patrimoine mondial, sous la supervision du point focal national. Les gestionnaires de sites complètent la section II du questionnaire (supervisée par les points focaux nationaux).
La gouvernance peut être présente à différents niveaux (local, régional/provincial/d’état et national/fédéral) et doit être entendue dans un contexte large pour inclure les législations/arrangements institutionnels/processus démocratiques/citoyens etc.
Selon le manuel de référence du patrimoine mondial « Gérer le patrimoine mondial culturel » (UNESCO 2013), « Une bonne gouvernance relève de la relation entre les corps dirigeants, les citoyens et les processus démocratiques, et de la capacité à instaurer des formes de gouvernement efficaces et opérationnelles ».
En outre, une définition de la gouvernance dans le secteur du patrimoine (culturel) est proposée : « Dans son sens le plus large, la gouvernance a pour but de maintenir l’équilibre entre les objectifs économiques et sociaux, et entre les objectifs individuels et communautaires. Le cadre de gouvernance est là pour encourager l’utilisation efficace des ressources, et également pour exiger la responsabilisation de l’administration de ces ressources. L’objectif est de mettre autant que possible sur le même plan les intérêts des individus, du patrimoine culturel et de la société ».
Source(s) : manuel de référence du patrimoine mondial Gérer le patrimoine mondial culturelGovernance may take place at different levels (local, regional/provincial/state and national federal) and should be understood in a wide context to include legislation/institutional arrangements/democratic processes/citizens etc.
According to the World Heritage Resource Manual ‘Managing Cultural Heritage’ (UNESCO 2013), good governance refers to “the relationship between governing bodies, citizens and democratic processes, and the ability to deliver effective, functioning forms of government.”
Further, a definition for governance in the (cultural) heritage sector is proposed: “In its broadest sense, governance is concerned with holding the balance between economic and social goals and between individual and communal goals. The governance framework is there to encourage the efficient use of resources and equally to require accountability for the stewardship of those resources. The aim is to align as nearly as possible the interests of individuals, of cultural heritage, and of society.”
Source(s): World Heritage Resource Manual, Managing Cultural World Heritage
Afin de renforcer la cohérence et la coopération en matière d'exécution, un groupe de liaison a été établi entre les chefs des secrétariats des six conventions relatives à la biodiversité. Le groupe de Liaison des conventions relatives à la biodiversité a été formé en 2004 et se réunit régulièrement pour étudier les possibilités de synergies et d'amélioration de la coordination, et pour échanger des informations.
Le groupe de liaison des conventions relatives à la biodiversité est constitué des chefs des secrétariats des conventions suivantes :
- la Convention concernant la protection du patrimoine mondial, culturel et naturel ;
- la Convention sur la diversité biologique (CDB) ;
- la Convention sur le commerce international des espèces de faune et de flore sauvages menacées d’extinction (CITES) ;
- la Convention sur la conservation des espèces migratrices appartenant à la faune sauvage (CMS) ;
- la Convention relative aux zones humides d'importance internationale (Convention de Ramsar) ;
- le Traité international sur les ressources phytogénétiques pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture (TIRPG) ;
- la Convention internationale pour la protection des végétaux.
Lire le Modus Operandi du groupe de liaison sur la biodiversité (uniquement en anglais).
Refers to those who are actively engaged in activities relating to heritage, for example academics, site managers etc.
The full cycle of activities from nomination to management and decision-making conducted with regard to the World Heritage properties stipulated under the World Heritage Convention.
Heritage processes include national and international protection processes for the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission to future generations of the cultural and natural heritage, for which States Parties to the Convention endeavour to adopt a general policy which aims to give the cultural and natural heritage a function in the life of the community and to integrate the protection of that heritage into comprehensive planning programmes, including the setting up of services for the protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage, the development of scientific and technical studies and research as well as the appropriate legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financial measures necessary for the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and rehabilitation of this heritage; the establishment or development of national or regional centres for training in the protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage and to encourage scientific research in this field.
Other processes under the Convention include: preliminary investigations of the requests for international assistance; consideration of all elements of the inscription nominations to the World Heritage List and the List of World Heritage in Danger (including assessment of the OUV of the nominated sites); decision-making, including with regards to the requested funding and operations and educational programmes, and reporting and monitoring obligations (periodic reporting, monitoring of SOC, reactive monitoring).
Historic layering is a mechanism of the historic urban landscape formation. City layers can include such components as urban structures and open spaces, infrastructures, built environment, including elements of cultural practices and economic processes, as well as components supporting social values, diversity and identity of the area, and taking into account geomorphology, topography and hydrology.
Source(s): New Life for Historic Cities: the Historic Urban Landscape Approach Explained
The term ‘Historic Urban Landscape’ is defined in Articles 8 and 9 of the Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape:
[The HUL] approach to managing historic urban landscapes is holistic; it integrates the goals of urban heritage conservation and those of social and economic development. This method sees urban heritage as a social, cultural and economic asset for the development of cities. The recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape was adopted on 10 November 2011 by UNESCO’s General Conference. The historic urban landscape approach moves beyond the preservation of the physical environment, and focuses on the entire human environment with all of its tangible and intangible qualities. It seeks to increase the sustainability of planning and design interventions by taking into account the existing built environment, intangible heritage, cultural diversity, socio-economic and environmental factors along with local community value.
As an approach, it considers cultural diversity and creativity as key assets for human, social and economic development. It is an alternative method to cutting the city up through ‘zoning’ into separate conservation areas, which thereby become ghettos of historic preservation. The HUL approach is applied in local development, legislation, sustaining and enhancing identity, and city branding.
The HUL approach action principles:
- Undertake a full assessment of the city’s natural, cultural and human resources;
- Use participatory planning and stakeholder consultations to decide on conservation aims and actions;
- Assess the vulnerability of urban heritage to socio-economic pressures and impacts of climate change;
- Integrate urban heritage values and their vulnerability status into a wider framework of city development;
- Prioritize policies and actions for conservation and development, including good stewardship;
- Establish the appropriate (public-private) partnerships and local management frameworks;
- Develop mechanisms for the coordination of the various activities between different actors.
Source(s): New Life for Historic Cities: the Historic Urban Landscape Approach Explained
On 10 November 2011 UNESCO’s General Conference adopted the Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape by acclamation, the first such instrument on the historic environment issued by UNESCO in 35 years.
The Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape does not replace existing doctrines or conservation approaches; rather, it is an additional tool to integrate policies and practices of conservation of the built environment into the wider goals of urban development in respect of the inherited values and traditions of different cultural contexts.
Source(s): https://whc.unesco.org/en/hul/
Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more. Everyone is entitled to these rights, without discrimination.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone document in the history of human rights. Drafted by representatives with different legal and cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world, the Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 (General Assembly resolution 217 A) as a common standard of achievements for all peoples and all nations. It sets out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected and it has been translated into over 500 languages.
The International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM) is an intergovernmental organization created to promote the conservation of all forms of cultural heritage, in every region of the world. Its mission is to provide Member States with the best tools, knowledge, skills and enabling environment to preserve their cultural heritage in all of its forms, for the benefit of all people. Through its work, ICCROM is contributing to the environmental, social and economic sustainability of communities.
Working on the front lines of conservation, nationally and internationally, and with institutions and professionals on the ground, ICCROM commits to:
- Studying and promoting cultural heritage conservation
- Mobilizing and coordinating expertise to address critical issues of conservation
- Providing the training and research tools for implementation to strengthen the professional community
ICCROM is an active partner in the World Heritage Information Network. As an Advisory Body to the World Heritage Convention, it provides expert advice on how to conserve and manage listed properties, and it offers a variety of training opportunities to professionals charged with their care.
ICCROM (International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property) is an international intergovernmental organization based in Rome, Italy. Established by UNESCO in 1956, ICCROM’s statutory functions are to carry out research, documentation, technical assistance, training and public awareness programmes to strengthen conservation of immovable and movable cultural heritage. The specific role of ICCROM in relation to the Convention includes being the priority partner in training for cultural heritage, monitoring the state of conservation of cultural World Heritage properties, reviewing requests for International Assistance submitted by States Parties, and providing input and support for capacity-building activities.
For more information, visit www.iccrom.org.
Source(s): www.iccrom.org
L’ICCROM (Centre international d'études pour la conservation et la restauration des biens culturels) est une organisation intergouvernementale dont le siège est à Rome en Italie. Créé par l'UNESCO en 1956, l'ICCROM a pour fonctions statutaires d'exécuter des programmes de recherche, de documentation, d'assistance technique, de formation et de sensibilisation pour améliorer la conservation du patrimoine culturel immobilier et mobilier. Le rôle spécifique de l'ICCROM dans le cadre de la Convention est le suivant : être le partenaire prioritaire en matière de formation pour les biens du patrimoine culturel, assurer le suivi de l'état de conservation des biens du patrimoine mondial possédant une valeur culturelle, et passer en revue les demandes d'assistance internationale présentées par les États parties et apporter sa contribution et son soutien aux activités de renforcement des capacités.
Pour plus d’information, visiter le site www.iccrom.org/fr.
Source(s) : www.iccrom.org/fr
Founded in 1946, the International Council of Museums is devoted to the promotion and development of museums and the museum profession at an international level. ICOM is a non-governmental organization with 57 000+ members, 120 National committees, 34 International committees and 7 Regional alliances (2023).
The International Council on Monuments and Sites, a non-governmental organization, was founded in 1965 after the adoption of the Charter of Venice, in order to promote the doctrine and the techniques of conservation. ICOMOS provides the World Heritage Committee with evaluations of properties with cultural values proposed for inscription on the World Heritage List, as well as with comparative studies, technical assistance and reports on the state of conservation of inscribed properties.
Le Conseil international des monuments et des sites est une ONG créée en 1965 après l’adoption de la Charte de Venise pour promouvoir la doctrine et les techniques de la conservation. L’ICOMOS fournit au Comité du patrimoine mondial les évaluations des biens de valeur culturelle proposés pour inscription sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial, ainsi que des études comparatives, des services d’assistance technique et des rapports sur l’état de conservation des sites inscrits.
Pour plus d’informations, visiter le site www.icomos.org.
Source(s) : https://whc.unesco.org/fr/faq/80/