State of Conservation

States Parties

Albania Andorra Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Canada Croatia Cyprus Czechia Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Holy See Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Montenegro North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Türkiye Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United States of America

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 346 Housing 233 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 121 Ground transport infrastructure 112 Surface water pollution 69 Legal framework 66 Illegal activities 55 Management activities 53 Mining 50 Water infrastructure 49 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 39 Forestry /wood production 39 Interpretative and visitation facilities 33 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 32 Oil and gas 32 Financial resources 32 Deliberate destruction of heritage 31 Major linear utilities 29 Storms 25 Renewable energy facilities 22 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 19 Water (rain/water table) 19 Earthquake 19 Marine transport infrastructure 18 Water (extraction) 18 Relative humidity 18 Solid waste 17 Commercial development 16 Localised utilities 15 Crop production 15 Industrial areas 14 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 14 Invasive / alien freshwater species 14 Air pollution 13 Quarrying 13 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 13 Human resources 11 Underground transport infrastructure 9 Input of excess energy 9 Pollution of marine waters 9 War 9 Ground water pollution 8 Micro-organisms 8 Fire (widlfires) 8 Air transport infrastructure 7 High impact research / monitoring activities 7 Land conversion 6 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 6 Governance 6 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 5 Temperature 5 Wind 5 Temperature change 5 Civil unrest 4 Radiation/light 3 Terrorism 3 Flooding 3 Non-renewable energy facilities 2 Subsistence hunting 2 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 2 Society's valuing of heritage 2 Commercial hunting 1 Pests 1 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 1 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 1 Other climate change impacts 1