State of Conservation

States Parties

Albania Austria Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Canada Croatia Czechia Denmark France Germany Hungary Italy Montenegro Netherlands (Kingdom of the) North Macedonia Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation Slovakia Slovenia Spain Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United States of America

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 184 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 106 Surface water pollution 90 Illegal activities 89 Mining 87 Ground transport infrastructure 76 Water infrastructure 74 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 55 Housing 52 Oil and gas 52 Legal framework 52 Forestry /wood production 49 Major linear utilities 47 Water (extraction) 31 Renewable energy facilities 30 Storms 25 Invasive / alien freshwater species 25 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 25 Crop production 20 Fire (widlfires) 20 Financial resources 19 Ground water pollution 16 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 15 Industrial areas 14 Air pollution 13 Pollution of marine waters 13 Marine transport infrastructure 12 Localised utilities 12 Land conversion 12 Human resources 12 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 11 Non-renewable energy facilities 11 Water (rain/water table) 9 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 8 Quarrying 8 Other climate change impacts 8 Commercial development 7 Commercial hunting 7 Interpretative and visitation facilities 6 Input of excess energy 6 Governance 6 War 5 Solid waste 4 Temperature change 4 Management activities 4 Subsistence hunting 3 Air transport infrastructure 2 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 2 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 2 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 1 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 1