State of Conservation

States Parties

Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo Côte d'Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Ghana Guinea Kenya Lesotho Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritius Mozambique Niger Nigeria Senegal South Africa Togo Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 441 Illegal activities 371 Mining 200 Land conversion 196 Civil unrest 169 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 154 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 144 Housing 141 Financial resources 130 War 122 Human resources 120 Ground transport infrastructure 108 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 86 Management activities 78 Water infrastructure 77 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 65 Solid waste 65 Legal framework 65 Oil and gas 62 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 50 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 49 Water (rain/water table) 47 Fire (widlfires) 47 Forestry /wood production 41 Surface water pollution 38 Governance 37 Interpretative and visitation facilities 34 Crop production 33 Drought 32 Deliberate destruction of heritage 30 Commercial hunting 28 Subsistence hunting 25 Invasive / alien freshwater species 23 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 22 Major linear utilities 21 Water (extraction) 20 Marine transport infrastructure 17 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 17 Other climate change impacts 17 Translocated species 17 Industrial areas 16 Air transport infrastructure 11 Air pollution 11 Commercial development 10 Ground water pollution 10 Flooding 10 Relative humidity 9 Society's valuing of heritage 8 Earthquake 6 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 5 Wind 4 Changes to oceanic waters 4 Non-renewable energy facilities 3 Renewable energy facilities 3 Input of excess energy 3 Terrorism 3 Avalanche/ landslide 3 Storms 2 Volcanic eruption 2 Subsistence wild plant collection 1 Low impact research / monitoring activities 1