State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Estonia Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Greece Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 1139 Housing 612 Illegal activities 440 Ground transport infrastructure 311 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 304 Land conversion 268 Management activities 268 Legal framework 245 Mining 205 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 204 Financial resources 163 Human resources 160 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 159 Water infrastructure 155 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 153 Civil unrest 153 War 137 Deliberate destruction of heritage 135 Governance 97 Water (rain/water table) 93 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 92 Interpretative and visitation facilities 91 Oil and gas 90 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 90 Marine transport infrastructure 78 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 78 Surface water pollution 77 Solid waste 68 Flooding 56 Commercial development 54 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 52 Forestry /wood production 49 Major linear utilities 44 Underground transport infrastructure 43 Fire (widlfires) 42 Crop production 41 Storms 41 Earthquake 41 Renewable energy facilities 35 Water (extraction) 33 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 33 High impact research / monitoring activities 30 Other climate change impacts 29 Invasive / alien freshwater species 27 Commercial hunting 26 Air transport infrastructure 25 Society's valuing of heritage 25 Industrial areas 22 Localised utilities 21 Air pollution 20 Ground water pollution 20 Wind 20 Drought 19 Non-renewable energy facilities 17 Quarrying 16 Relative humidity 16 Invasive / alien marine species 15 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 14 Subsistence hunting 13 Changes to oceanic waters 13 Input of excess energy 12 Translocated species 12 Temperature change 11 Avalanche/ landslide 10 Pollution of marine waters 9 Micro-organisms 7 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 6 Desertification 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 2 Temperature 2 Military training 2 Hyper-abundant species 2 Aquaculture 1 Pests 1 Tsunami/tidal wave 1 Volcanic eruption 1 Low impact research / monitoring activities 1