State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 1653 Housing 861 Illegal activities 603 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 478 Ground transport infrastructure 457 Legal framework 381 Land conversion 379 Management activities 366 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 294 Mining 294 Human resources 244 Financial resources 242 Water infrastructure 234 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 222 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 207 War 203 Civil unrest 201 Deliberate destruction of heritage 176 Governance 167 Interpretative and visitation facilities 150 Water (rain/water table) 144 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 127 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 125 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 123 Oil and gas 121 Marine transport infrastructure 109 Surface water pollution 105 Commercial development 100 Solid waste 99 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 81 Flooding 80 Forestry /wood production 79 Major linear utilities 68 Underground transport infrastructure 66 Fire (widlfires) 66 Other climate change impacts 62 Crop production 57 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 57 Storms 57 Earthquake 54 Renewable energy facilities 52 Water (extraction) 49 Society's valuing of heritage 45 Air transport infrastructure 42 Commercial hunting 42 High impact research / monitoring activities 41 Invasive / alien freshwater species 38 Air pollution 33 Industrial areas 31 Non-renewable energy facilities 31 Ground water pollution 29 Quarrying 29 Localised utilities 28 Wind 28 Drought 27 Relative humidity 25 Changes to oceanic waters 23 Subsistence hunting 21 Invasive / alien marine species 20 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 19 Input of excess energy 17 Translocated species 15 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 13 Desertification 13 Temperature change 13 Avalanche/ landslide 13 Pollution of marine waters 12 Micro-organisms 7 Military training 6 Hyper-abundant species 5 Aquaculture 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 4 Pests 4 Low impact research / monitoring activities 4 Temperature 2 Terrorism 2 Tsunami/tidal wave 1 Volcanic eruption 1