State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Haiti Holy See Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) New Zealand Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 2146 Housing 1022 Illegal activities 835 Ground transport infrastructure 629 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 604 Management activities 472 Land conversion 434 Legal framework 424 Financial resources 369 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 368 Mining 363 Human resources 307 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 300 Water infrastructure 277 Civil unrest 263 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 252 Water (rain/water table) 221 Deliberate destruction of heritage 213 War 191 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 171 Interpretative and visitation facilities 156 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 156 Surface water pollution 149 Oil and gas 142 Solid waste 133 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 127 Commercial development 121 Governance 118 Marine transport infrastructure 116 Forestry /wood production 112 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 109 Storms 102 Crop production 95 Flooding 93 Major linear utilities 91 Earthquake 90 Fire (widlfires) 73 Relative humidity 66 Water (extraction) 64 Air pollution 57 Underground transport infrastructure 53 Renewable energy facilities 52 Invasive / alien freshwater species 51 Localised utilities 50 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 47 High impact research / monitoring activities 45 Wind 43 Industrial areas 42 Air transport infrastructure 42 Society's valuing of heritage 42 Commercial hunting 39 Other climate change impacts 37 Subsistence hunting 34 Input of excess energy 33 Quarrying 31 Ground water pollution 30 Avalanche/ landslide 30 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 25 Drought 25 Invasive / alien marine species 25 Pollution of marine waters 18 Non-renewable energy facilities 17 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 17 Temperature change 16 Micro-organisms 15 Temperature 14 Translocated species 14 Changes to oceanic waters 13 Desertification 13 Volcanic eruption 9 Military training 4 Terrorism 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 3 Pests 3 Radiation/light 3 Tsunami/tidal wave 3 Hyper-abundant species 2 Aquaculture 1 Low impact research / monitoring activities 1