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4.764s
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Activities 103
Committee 2
Documents 438
Events 489
FAQ 81
News 1049
Pages 29
Partners 15
Publications 43
State of Conservation 2815
States Parties 12
Tentative Lists 850
World Heritage Properties 57
244.
Russian Federation,a) Quality of new design projects in the inscribed zone;
b) High-rise development
c) Confusion over definition and extent of inscribed zone and buffer zone;,At its 32nd session (Quebec City, 2008) the World Heritage Committee regretted that the State Party did not provide a detailed state of conservation report, and that the maps submitted by the State ...
245.
Nepal,a) Uncontrolled urban development resulting in the loss of traditional urban fabric, in particular privately-owned houses;
b) Lack of coordinated management mechanism. ,The State Party at the request of the World Heritage Centre provided a reply letter on the state of conservation issues, dated 29 December 2010.
a) Study on the impact of the proposed road on the ...
246.
Mexico,,On 28 January 2011, the State Party submitted a report responding to Decision 34 COM 8B.41 which relates to the property’s inscription on the World Heritage List by the World Heritage Committee at its 34th session (Brasilia, 2010). At the time of inscription, it was noted that there was a need to: more clearly explain the choice of sites and how each one ...
247.
Nepal,a) Pressure and degradation from increasing tourism and mountaineering;
b) Airstrip development;
c) Climate change;
d) Development of tourism resort in core area.,The World Heritage Committee requested this report in response to growing concerns related to tourism development within the property, and associated impacts on the property’s ...
248.
In February, the United Republic of Tanzania submitted a request for a minor modification to the boundaries of the Selous Game Reserve. The 50000 km2 Selous Game Reserve is one of the largest remaining wilderness areas in Africa, harboring the largest remaining elephant population of Africa and has been inscribed on the World Heritage List since 1982. The request for ...
249.
The team of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre would like to express its sadness after learning that former President of ICOMOS International, Prof Michael Petzet passed away on 30 May 2019.
The passing away of Michael Petzet represents an important loss for the conservation community. His strong opinions were always a reflection of his unerring commitment to excellence in ...
250.
The Director-General of UNESCO, Irina Bokova, today extended her condolences to the inhabitants of northern Italy for the loss of human life and suffering caused by the earthquake that shook the region on May 20.
The Director-General also said that UNESCO is sending a mission to assess damage to World Heritage sites and other cultural heritage in northern Italy.
“While ...
251.
The World Heritage Centre expresses its deep concern regarding the cargo spill off the British Coast. The MSC Napoli is grounded near Sidmouth's coastline, part of the Dorset and East Devon Coast World Heritage site, inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2001. The chemical containers and oil released from the ship may represent a potential environmental disaster. If ...
252.
Russian Federation,a) Lack of Management Plan
b) Weakening of conservation controls and laws
c) Impacts of proposed tourism infrastructure development
d) Road construction
e) Deforestation ,On 17 February 2012, a report on the state of conservation of the property was submitted by the State Party. The report provides some information on the implementation of the ...
253.
From 25 to 29 November 2019, experts from World Heritage marine sites met in Indonesia to support the Komodo National Park with the management of its marine component.
See the pictures
Komodo National Park was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1991 for its outstanding ecosystems and biodiversity. While perhaps best known for the Komodo Dragon, Komodo National ...
254.
Spain,High-rise development in the vicinity of the property.,On 28 January 2010, the State Party submitted a report on the state of conservation of the property. This addressed the requests of the World Heritage Committee at its 33rd session (Seville, 2009) to undertake a comprehensive impact assessment of the proposed development of the Torre Cajasol on the Outstanding ...
255.
Spain,a) Urban development pressure (Projects at “Huerto de las Adoratrices”, “Plaza de los Bandos” and “Vaguada de la Palma”);
b) Lack of comprehensive Management Plan.,Since 2002, the World Heritage Committee has been expressing concern about the lack of a comprehensive Management Plan and various urban development projects, in ...
256.
Egypt,
Earthquake in 1992 (issue resolved);
Inappropriate reconstruction works (issue resolved);
Rise of the underground water level;
Dilapidated infrastructure;
Neglect and lack of maintenance;
Overcrowded areas and buildings;
Uncontrolled development;
Absence of a comprehensive Urban Conservation Plan;
Absence of an integrated socio-economic revitalization plan linking ...
257.
India,Lack of management structure and management plan.,At its 29th session (Durban, 2005), the World Heritage Committee requested the State Party to establish:
a) a site-management entity with full management authority for decision-making on the property, that would be answerable to the Archaeological Survey of India, and provided with all the necessary financial support ...
258.
The Operational Guidelines define cultural landscapes as cultural properties which represent the ‘combined works of nature and of man’ as designated in Article 1 of the Convention (Paragraph 47).
There is no single World Heritage criterion for cultural landscapes and it is conceivable that any of the cultural criteria might be used in justifying the Outstanding Universal ...
259.
The World Heritage Centre expresses its deep concern after the fire on the Cutty Sark tea clipper, part of the Maritime Greenwich World Heritage site located in the United Kingdom.
On 21 May 2007, the British authorities informed the World Heritage Centre that a fire had swept through the Cutty Sark. The fire started around 4.45 am on Monday and the damage has been ...
260.
Brochures on the World Heritage Convention and World Heritage in Young Hands programme are available in Bulgarian.
"Our World Heritage" and "Today and tomorrow with young people" were originally published by UNESCO in English, French and Spanish. The brochures were translated into Bulgarian thanks to the financial contribution of the Regional Inspectorate of ...
261.
Significant improvements in the preservation of Manas Wildlife Sanctuary have allowed for its withdrawal from the List of World Heritage List Danger.
Situated on the foothills of the Himalayas the Manas sanctuary, home to a great variety of wildlife, including many endangered species, such as the tiger, pygmy hog, Indian rhinoceros and Indian elephant, was inscribed on the ...
262.
Director of UNESCO World Heritage Centre meets team from the European Bank for Reconstruction (EBRD)
The Director of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre has met with the team from the European Bank for Reconstruction and exchanged views on heritage impact assessments related to World Heritage properties, especially for consultations on cultural heritage within ESIA processes. Participants from the EBRD included Debbie Cousins, Team Leader for Environmental and ...
263.
An online technical workshop was organized to strengthen capacities in the Arab States in applying Impact Assessments to both natural and cultural World Heritage properties, providing important tools to evaluate the risks and threats that new projects may pose to the Outstanding Universal Value of sites, and to elaborate mitigation measures.
The online workshop, which took ...
264.
Iran (Islamic Republic of),a) Uncoordinated urban development - construction of a large scale commercial complex;
b) Subway route through the historical axis of Esfahan.,On 1 February 2012, the State Party submitted a report which addressed the progress on the gradual demolition of storeys 11 and 12 of the Jahan-Nama Building as well as the Report on the “Monitoring ...
265.
Panama,,The World Heritage Centre was informed by the NGO community of a change to the legal protection of the Special Zone of Marine Protection (SZMP) in 2008, leaving it vulnerable to industrial tuna fishing activities. Following an exchange of correspondence between the State Party and the World Heritage Centre, and subsequent to an intensive public relations campaign ...
266.
Lithuania,
Limited financial resources (issue resolved)
Need for a comprehensive rehabilitation programme (issue resolved)
Rehabilitation and restoration programme (issue resolved)
Urgent restoration and infrastructural upgrading (issue resolved)
Revitalisation programme
High rise buildings located in vicinity of Vilnius Historic Centre which have an impact on the visual ...
267.
France,a) Destruction of the Pertuis Bridge;
b) Project of the draw bridge over the Garonne; ,Application of the Reinforced monitoring Mechanism at the property since 2008 (32 COM 7B.89)
At its 32nd session (Quebec City, 2008), the World Heritage Committee strongly regretted the destruction of the “Pont de Pertuis” bridge in the dock area, almost ...
268.
On Tuesday 8 February 2007, the Director-General of UNESCO, Koichiro Matsuura, expressed his "deep concern over the work initiated by the Israeli authorities on the site of the Old City of Jerusalem, which is protected by the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972). By virtue of this Convention, the site is inscribed on the ...
269.
The Arctic stretches across the top of the planet, spanning 5.5 million square miles. Its icy waters are home to wildlife found nowhere else, including bowhead whales, narwhals, and walrus. The Arctic is also ground zero for climate change. Rising temperatures and melting sea ice are opening up new shipping routes and potential oil and gas developments.
IUCN, International ...
270.
Almaty, Kazakhstan,In spite of its remarkable historical background and numerous historic and cultural sites in the region, Central Asia and western China remain one of the most under-represented regions on the World Heritage List, with no cultural or natural heritage properties from Kyrgyzstan or Tajikistan inscribed on the List.
The UNESCO World Heritage Centre and ...
271.
272.
The World Heritage Committee decided Tuesday to place the cultural landscape of Dresden Elbe Valley on the List of World Heritage in Dangerwith a view to avert plans by the municipality of Dresden to build a bridge over the Elbe on the site.
The Committee decided that plans to build a bridge across the Elbe would have such a serious impact on the integrity of property's ...
273.
The World Heritage Committee at its 30th session in Vilnius decided to place the cultural landscape of Dresden Elbe Valley on the List of World Heritage in Danger following plans by the municipality of Dresden to build a bridge over the Elbe River in the core zone of the property. The Committee determined that plans to build a bridge across the Elbe would have such a ...
274.
The Director-General of UNESCO, Koïchiro Matsuura, said today he was alarmed by the violent incidents taking place in the province of North Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
Mr Matsuura voice his support to the statement made earlier by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Ban Ki-Moon, calling on "all parties to immediately cease hostilities and ...
275.
Narvik, Norway,This international expert meeting will be the opportunity to exchange information on the natural and cultural heritage of the Arctic region, with identification of potential sites of outstanding universal value for the World Heritage List.
This meeting is organized back-to-back with the Arctic Council Senior Arctic Officials' (SAO) meeting , which will be ...
276.
Nepal,a) Lack of a conservation policy and inappropriate management of the property;
b) Impact of the new structure of the Maya Devi Temple (constructed in 2002) on the archaeological remains, as well as on the visual integrity..,At its 33rd session (Seville, 2009), the World Heritage Committee had requested the State Party to develop, in consultation with the World ...
277.
278.
Uzbekistan,Lack of a comprehensive conservation and management plan.,World Heritage Centre staff members visited Shakhrisyabz from 21-23 October 2006. As a result of this visit, the Board of Monuments of Shakhrisyabz has agreed to develop a site management plan based on the property’s Outstanding Universal Value, reflected in three main attributes:
a) The major ...
279.
Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve lies on the watershed between Lake Malawi and the Luangwa valley on 11° 00's and 33" 28'E. It is located on the Central African Plateau, west of northern Malawi and covers and area of986 km'. Its northern boundary coincides with the Malawi -Zambia border. It is bounded by subsistence farmers on the south and east of the Reserve. The wetland ...
280.
Turkmenistan,a) Lack of interpretation and visitor management plan.
b) Archaeological excavations without conservation.,On 28 January 2010 a report on the state of conservation of the Parthian Fortresses of Nisa was submitted by the State Party. The report consists of an updated version of the Management Plan and of a Statement of Outstanding Universal Value. This is the ...
281.
Russian Federation,
Lack of an overall management system
Structural degradation of its components of the property
Tourism complex project
,On 27 February 2013, the State Party submitted a detailed state of conservation report that addresses the progress made in the implementation of the Committee Decision (35 COM 7B.106) adopted at its 35th session (UNESCO, 2011). It ...
282.
Côte d'Ivoire,
Poaching
Artisanal gold mining
Agricultural encroachment (issue resolved)
Impacts of the post-electoral crisis (issue resolved)
,The State Party has continued to implement the Development and Management Plan, and the Business Plan of the property in conjunction with other specific operational tools for the key functions of the management of the property. The ...
283.
Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany,The UNESCO Chair in Heritage Studies at the Brandenburg University of Technology is pleased to host an International Conference on "World Heritage and Cultural Diversity - Challenges for University Education". The event is being co-organized by the German Commission for UNESCO, and the conference patrons are the UNESCO ...
284.
On 5 December 2017, the World Heritage Centre, Europe and North-America Unit organized a meeting on Heritage and Environmental Impact Assessment (HIA/EIA) at UNESCO Headquarters, with the support of the French Ministry of Ecology. It was a follow up to Decision 39 COM 7.11 on HIA and EIAs adopted by the World Heritage Committee at its 39th session (Bonn, 2015) and to the ...
285.
286.
Germany,a) Noise pollution and traffic increase
b) Potential impacts by Rhine crossing project,At its 32nd session, (Quebec City, 2008), the Committee considered the recommendations of a World Heritage Centre/ICOMOS advisory mission which investigated the impact on Outstanding Universal Value of proposals being considered by the State Party for a crossing of the river in ...
287.
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,a) Urban development pressure;
b) New constructions in the area surrounding the property;
c) Lack of strategic plans for future development that set out clear strategies for the overall townscape and for the skyline and river front taking into account the townscape characteristics and important views related to the ...
288.
Spain,High-rise development in the vicinity of the property ,At the request of the State Party, an ICOMOS Advisory Mission visited the property from 7 to 9 November 2011, in order to review the potential adverse impact of the Torre Pelli-Cajasol on the property.
In particular, the mission considered whether and what progress had been made in halting the construction ...
289.
The condition of the attributes of Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) is a good guide to the overall state of conservation of a World Heritage property.
The categories of the condition of the attributes can be defined as follows:
Lost: Loss or alteration to most aspects of this attribute has occurred and has caused a major loss of significance of this attribute.
Seriously ...
290.
Since the 33rd session of the World Heritage Committee (Seville, 2009), the World Heritage Centre and IUCN have received a large number of letters from individuals who are concerned about the state of conservation of the the World Heritage property Lake Baikal (Russian Federation), and in particular about the re-opening of the Baikalsk Paper and Pulp Mill (BPPM) and its ...
291.
Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain,Thanks to the generous invitation of the Kingdom of Bahrain, fourteen out of the eighteen States Parties from the Arab Region met in Manama to launch the second cycle of the Periodic Reporting decided by the World Heritage Committee at its 32nd session in Quebec City (July 2008).
Two days of the meeting were devoted to training for the drafting ...
292.
Gabon,Threats identified at the time of inscription of the property in 2007:
Creation of structures to optimize the management and conservation of the site;
Training of conservation managers;
Invasive alien plants;
Illegal hunting for trade;
Illegal wood trade;
Projects for road infrastructure.
,The site was inscribed at the 31st session of the World Heritage Committee ...
293.
Ukraine,a) New constructions within the historic centre;
b) Lack of valid detailed planning documents;
c) Inadequate infrastructure including the sewage system,On 1 February 2010, a state of conservation report was submitted by the State Party. The report did not address directly the issues outlined in Decision 33 COM 7B.126 adopted by the World Heritage Committee at its ...
294.
Indonesia,a) Agricultural encroachment;
b) Illegal logging;
c) Poaching;
d) Road construction;
e) Institutional and governance weaknesses.,At the time of inscription in 2004, the IUCN evaluation report recognized roads and road building as an immediate and present threat to the property which also facilitated poaching, encroachment and illegal logging. IUCN recommended ...
295.
Russian Federation,a) Structural integrity of the Church of the Transfiguration ;
b) Absence of an integrated management plan that addresses overall management of the World Heritage property ;
c) Tourism development pressures affecting the property.,The World Heritage Committee during its 33rd session, appreciating the continuing efforts by the Kizhi Museum Reserve to ...
296.
Georgia,,During a joint UNESCO-ICOMOS reactive monitoring mission to City-Museum Reserve of Mtskheta (Georgia) from 8 to 16 November 2003, observations were also made on the state of conservation of Bagrati Cathedral and Gelati Monastery. The mission observed that the exterior of the buildings of Gelati Monastery is in good condition. The windows, however, need to be ...
297.
Experts from UNESCO's World Heritage Centre and from the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) undertook a reactive monitoring mission to examine development projects affecting the Old and New Towns of Edinburgh (United Kingdom), inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List in 1995.
Undertaken at the request of the World Heritage Committee during its most ...
298.
"Every time we fail to preserve a site, we share the pain of the State Party," declared Maria Jesus San Segundo, the Ambassador and Permanent Delegate of Spain to UNESCO who is chairing the 33rd session of the World Heritage Committee presently underway in Seville on Thursday.
The World Heritage Committee decided to remove Germany's Dresden Elbe Valley from UNESCO's World ...
299.
A Tentative List is an inventory of those properties which each State Party intends to consider for nomination.
Tentative List Submission Format
English French
Consult an example of a Tentative List submission
Tentative List submission Format for Transnational and Transboundary Future Nominations
English French
Guidance on Developing and Revising ...
300.
Russian Federation,Threats identified at the time of inscription of the property:
Incomplete Management Plan
Pilgrimage village within the site boundaries
Some conservation works prevent distinguishing between historic and added materials
Proposed development of new projects or visitor infrastructure on the site
,On 30 November 2015, the State Party submitted a state of ...
301.
China,
Underground transport infrastructure (Proposed high-speed railway between Beijing and Zhangjiakou, with station at Guntiangou)
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation
Interpretative and visitation facilities
Materials and techniques used in restoration works undertaken in Suizhong County, Liaoning Province (issue resolved)
Partial collapse of some platforms (issue ...
302.
Bangladesh,a) Lack of an effective management system;
b) Lack of adequate human and financial resources;
c) Property and buffer zone boundaries not clearly defined;
d) Drainage and internal moisture contents problem.,The World Heritage Committee in Decision 32 COM 7B.64 noted the lack of progress in the implementation of the activity concerning drainage problems at the ...
303.
Senegal,a) Lack of implemention of the action plan, including the Safeguarding and Enhancement Plan (SEP), and establishment of a Maison du Patrimoine;
b) The lack of a conservation and management plan;
c) New construction and architectural modification and urban projects affecting authenticity and integrity;
d) Inappropriate housing restoration;
e) Environmental ...
304.
The World Heritage Committee on Tuesday morning recognized the success of two countries, Pakistan and the Philippines, in improving the conservation of sites that had been inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger: Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore (Pakistan) and the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras (Philippines).
Successful measures have been taken to ...
305.
Badain Jaran Desert is located in the Alashan Plateau in the hyper-arid and temperate desert region of northwestern China. It is China’s second largest desert. The nominated property of Badain Jaran Desert—Towers of Sand and Lakes concentrates in the central desert area, including unique desert aeolian features of the most concentrated distribution area of mega-dunes and ...
306.
Central African Republic,a) Insecurity;
b) Poaching;
c) Mining;
d) Transhumance and illegal grazing;
e) Illegal fishing;
f) Lack of resources.,Manovo-Gounda St. Floris National Park was inscribed in 1988 for its diversity of habitats, including a Sudano-Guinean woodland savanna and flood plains, as well as for its biodiversity, especially its wealth of large wildlife. At ...
307.
Ethiopia,a) Insufficient delimitation of this serial property;
b) Lack of conservation and management plans;
c) Lack of appropriate urban planning and building regulations; ,On 29 January 2010, a report on the state of conservation of Aksum was submitted by the State Party. The report addressed Decision 32 COM 7B.46 of the World Heritage Committee. A joint World ...
308.
Poland,,The State Party submitted a state of conservation report on 15 March 2012. This addressed the Eastern Bridge Road project and provided details of proposed new projects in the property and its buffer zone. As requested by the Committee at its 35th session (UNESCO, 2011), a joint World Heritage Centre/ICOMOS Reactive Monitoring Mission visited the property between ...
309.
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
Lack of overall management of new developments
Lack of analysis and description of the townscape characteristics relevant to the Outstanding Universal Value of the property and important views related to the property and its buffer zone
Lack of clearly established maximum heights for new developments, for the backdrops ...
310.
WHC-13/37.COM/8B.Add.2
311.
Uruguay,a) Inappropriate architectural and urban design for a marina and hotel-casino in a building block at the old harbour;
b) Need to strengthen management planning for the historic quarter.,An ICOMOS technical mission took place in June 2008 to evaluate the situation and potential impact of the “Marinas de Sacramento” project on the Outstanding Universal ...
312.
On 19 November 2015, the 20th General Assembly of the States Parties to the World Heritage Convention adopted a Policy on the Integration of a Sustainable Development Perspective into the Processes of the Convention.
The overall goal of the policy is to assist States Parties, practitioners, institutions, communities and networks, through appropriate guidance, to harness ...
313.
Istanbul, Turkey,Many activities such as tourism, infrastructure development, new buildings, urban regeneration and changes in land use may have negative impacts on the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the World Heritage properties.
The World Heritage Committee requests States Parties to present the possible impacts of the project proposals through Heritage Impact ...
314.
30th session of the World Heritage Committee Vilnius, Lithuania 30COM 09 July - 16 July 2006
Committee Members
Benin, Canada, Chile, Cuba, India, Israel, Japan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lithuania, Madagascar, Mauritius, Morocco, Netherlands (Kingdom of the), New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Republic of Korea, Spain, Tunisia, United States of America
Bureau Members
...
315.
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,,The City of Bath was inscribed for the way its grand neo-classical crescents, terraces, and squares spread out around its hills and within a green valley combine harmoniously, integrating architecture, urban design and landscape to create deliberately a beautiful city. By letter dated 31 January 2008, the State Party ...
316.
Lithuania,
Limited financial resources (issue resolved)
Need for a comprehensive rehabilitation programme (issue resolved)
Rehabilitation and restoration programme (issue resolved)
Urgent restoration and infrastructural upgrading (issue resolved)
Revitalisation programme
High rise buildings located in vicinity of Vilnius Historic Centre which have an impact on the visual ...
317.
Côte d'Ivoire,
Conflict and political instability (issue resolved)
Lack of management control and of the accesses to the property
Poaching
Encroachment: human occupation and agricultural pressure
Bush fires
Illegal gold panning
Boundaries: reduction of the surface of the Park
,The State Party has continued its efforts in terms of improving the surveillance mechanism and ...
318.
Central African Republic,a) Insecurity;
b) Poaching;
c) Mining;
d) Transhumance and illegal grazing;
e) Illegal fishing;
f) Lack of resources.,The State Party submitted a report, dated 20 June 2007, on the state of conservation of the property. In addition, the World Heritage Centre received a letter dated 27 February 2008, in which the State Party notes that the ...
319.
Cuba,Potential impacts from mining activities,In response to the World Heritage Committee’s Decision 33 COM 7B.36, the State Party submitted on 22 February 2010 a state of conservation report outlining the progress achieved in enhancing the management of the property. However, the report does not address the World Heritage Committee’s repeated requests for a ...
320.
Colombia,a) Armed conflict;
b) Illegal extraction of natural resources;
c) Lack of control of management agency. ,The State Party report on the state of conservation of the property was received by the World Heritage Centre on 15 February 2010, along with a draft retrospective Statement of Outstanding Universal Value and a proposal for the Desired state of ...
321.
Christchurch, New Zealand, 28 June - The World Heritage Committee on Thursday took the unprecedented decision of removing a site from UNESCO's World Heritage List. The Arabian Oryx Sanctuary (Oman), home to the rare antelope, today became the first site to be deleted since UNESCO's 1972 Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage ...
322.
The Association of World Heritage Properties in France (ABFPM) is launching a call for candidates for the second national training session “Interpretation – World Heritage” which will be held from 7 to 9 March 2016 at the Arc-et-Senans Royal Saltworks (France).
This intensive and operational training is aimed towards personnel in charged with welcoming the public to World ...
323.
On 5 November 2018, a team of experts from the World Heritage Centre and IUCN arrived in Montenegro for a joint Advisory mission to the World Heritage property “Durmitor National Park.”
The State Party of Montenegro invited the mission with the objectives to review a potential boundary modification and to assess the overall state of conservation of the World Heritage site. ...
324.
In reaction to numerous inaccurate statements and errors circulating in the press about the situation of Hagia Sophia, UNESCO wishes to recall the following:
UNESCO reacted to the change of Hagia Sophia's status as early as July 2020 and expressed its concern in this regard. This position has remained constant since then.
UNESCO immediately initiated a review process and ...