Pirin National Park
Pirin National Park
Spread over an area of over 27,000 ha, at an altitude between 1008 and 2914 m in the Pirin Mountains, southwest Bulgaria, the site comprises diverse limestone mountain landscapes with glacial lakes, waterfalls, caves and predominantly coniferous forests. It was added to the World Heritage List in 1983. The extension now covers an area of around 40,000 ha in the Pirin Mountains, and overlaps with the Pirin National Park, except for two areas developed for tourism (skiing). The dominant part of the extension is high mountain territory over 2000m in altitude, and covered mostly by alpine meadows, rocky screes and summits.
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
Parc national de Pirin
Sur une étendue de plus de 27 000 ha, à une altitude de 1 008 à 2 914 m dans le massif du Pirin, dans le sud-ouest de la Bulgarie, le parc présente un paysage karstique des Balkans, avec ses lacs, ses cascades, ses grottes et ses forêts de pins. Il a été ajouté à la Liste du patrimoine mondial en 1983. L'extension inclut désormais l'ensemble du Parc national de Pirin, soient près de 40 000 ha, à l'exception de deux zones touristiques (ski). La partie principale de cette extension est une zone de hautes montagnes de plus de 2000 mètres d'altitude comprenant surtout des prairies alpines, des éboulis rocheux et des sommets.
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
مرتع بيرين الوطني
على امتداد يصل إلى أكثر من 27 هكتاراً، وارتفاع يتراوح بين 1008 و2914 متراً، في الكتلة الجبلية في بيرين، الواقعة في جنوب غرب بلغاريا، يمثل مرتع بيرين الوطني منظراً مكوناً من الحجر الجيري (الكارست) للبلقان، بما يضمه من بحيرات، وشلالات، ومغاور ، وغابات الصنوبر. وقد أُدرج هذا المرتع في قائمة التراث العالمي في عام 1983. وتشمل عمليات التوسيع الآن جملة مراتع بيرين الوطنية، أي مساحة تبلغ نحو 40000 هكتار، فيما عدا منطقتين سياحيتين. ويشمل الجزء الرئيسي من عمليات التوسيع منطقة جبال يبلغ ارتفاعها أكثر من 2000 متراً، وتضم، على وجه الخصوص، مروجاً جبلية، وركاماً صخرية وقِمماً.
source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
皮林国家公园
皮林公家公园位于保加利亚西南部的皮林山脉，占地2万7千多公顷，海拔高度介于1008米与2 914米之间。公园内景观主要为巴尔干喀斯特地形，冰川湖泊、瀑布、洞穴和松林等夹杂其间。这一遗址于1983列入《世界遗产名录》。扩展之后，将包括除了两个旅游区以外的整个皮林国家公园，占地约4万公顷。扩展的部分主要是一个海拔超过2000米的高山区，景观以高山草甸、岩屑堆和山峰为主。
source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
Национальный парк Пирин
Раскинувшийся в горах Пирин на юго-западе Болгарии на площади более чем в 27 000 га и на высоте 1 008-2 914 м, этот парк характеризуется балканским карстовым ландшафтом с его озерами, водопадами , пещерами и сосновыми лесами. Он был включен в Список всемирного наследия в 1983 году. Расширенный объект – это теперь весь Национальный парк Пирин, т.е. около 40000 га, за исключением двух туристических зон (специально выделенных для лыжного спорта). Его основная часть – это горный район, расположенный на высоте свыше 2000 метров и состоящий, в основном, из альпийских лугов, каменистых склонов и горных вершин.
source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
Parque Nacional de Pirin
Situado en el macizo montañoso de Pirin, al sudoeste de Bulgaria, este parque se extiende por más de 27.400 hectáreas, a una altitud que oscila entre 1.008 y 2.914 metros. Su paisaje es típico de las zonas kársticas de los Balcanes, con sus lagos, cascadas, grutas y bosques de coníferas. El sitio se inscribió en la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial en 1983 y con su extensión actual abarca ahora unas 40.000 hectáreas de los montes de Pirin, esto es, la totalidad del parque nacional, exceptuadas dos zonas turísticas dedicadas al esquí. La zona añadida es en su mayor parte un macizo montañoso con praderas alpinas, desprendimientos rocosos y picos que culminan a más de 2.000 metros de altura.
source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
ピリン国立公園
1983年に登録された遺産地域は、ブルガリアの南西部のピリン山にあるピリン国立公園の主に低標高部で、広さ2万7000haであった。後に、ピリン国立公園全域（観光開発された2地域を除く）の4万haに遺産地域を拡張した。主な拡張部分は高山植物や岩礫で覆われた標高2000mの高山地帯である。source: NFUAJ
Nationaal park Pirin
Dit Werelderfgoed heeft nu een oppervlakte van ongeveer 40.000 hectare in het Pirin gebergte, in zuidwest Bulgarije en is een uitbreiding van een eerdere inschrijving op de Werelderfgoedlijst van 27.000 hectare dat het Nationaal Park Pirin omvat. Het gebied ligt op een hoogte tussen de 1.008 en 2.914 meter. Het uit kalksteen bestaande berglandschap kent meer dan 70 gletsjermeren en veel glaciale landvormen met watervallen, rotsachtige leistenen en grotten. De bossen worden gedomineerd door coniferen en de hoger gelegen gebieden herbergen alpenweiden onder de toppen. Er komen veel inheemse en relicte soorten voor die representatief zijn voor de flora in de Balkan tijdens het pleistoceen.
Source: unesco.nl
Outstanding Universal Value
Brief synthesis
The World Heritage property covers an area of around 40,000 ha in the Pirin Mountains, southwest Bulgaria, and overlaps with the undeveloped areas of Pirin National Park. The diverse limestone mountain landscapes of the property include over 70 glacial lakes and a range of glacial landforms, with many waterfalls, rocky screes and caves. Forests are dominated by conifers, and the higher areas harbour alpine meadows below the summits. The property includes a range of endemic and relict species that are representative of the Balkan Pleistocene flora.
Criterion (vii): The mountain scenery of Pirin National Park is of exceptional beauty. The high mountain peaks and crags contrast with meadows, rivers and waterfalls and provide the opportunity to experience the aesthetics of a Balkan mountain landscape. The ability to experience remoteness and naturalness is an important attribute of the Outstanding Universal Value of the property.
Criterion (viii): The principal earth science values of the property relate to its glacial geomorphology, demonstrated through a range of features including cirques, deep valleys and over 70 glacial lakes. The mountains of the property show a variety of forms and have been developed in several different rock types. Functioning natural processes allow for study of the continued evolution of the landforms of the property, and help to understand other upland areas in the region.
Criterion (ix): The property is a good example of the continuing evolution of flora, as evidenced by a number of endemic and relict species, and the property also protects an example of a functioning ecosystem that is representative of the important natural ecosystems of the Balkan uplands. Pirin’s natural coniferous forests include Macedonian Pine and Bosnian Pine, with many old growth trees. In total, there are 1,315 species of vascular plants, about one third of Bulgaria’s flora, including 86 Balkan endemics, 17 Bulgarian endemics and 18 local endemics. The fauna of Pirin National Park includes 45 mammal species, including brown bear, wolf and pine marten, and 159 bird species. Pirin is also home to eight species of amphibians, eleven species of reptiles and six fish species. Although the forests are affected by some historical use, the natural functioning of the ecosystem ensures the protection of its regionally significant biodiversity values.
Integrity
The original inscription of the property in 1983 proved to be inadequate in representing and maintaining the Outstanding Universal Value of Pirin, but an extension in 2010 has addressed the issues to the best possible degree and represents the minimum area of Pirin National Park that can be considered to correspond to the requirements of Outstanding Universal Value set out in the World Heritage Convention.
The National Park is clearly defined from the point of view of its mountainous nature and ecology, and the boundaries of the property are of sufficient size to capture the natural values of Pirin. Adequate boundaries have been established through the extension of the initially inscribed property, to include the most remote areas of the interior of the National Park, and exclude adjacent areas that are not compatible with World Heritage status due to impacts on integrity from ski development. The values of the property as extended retain the attributes of a natural landscape but they closely adjoin areas subject to intensive tourism development that are a risk to the integrity of the property.
Protection and management requirements
The property is covered by national legislation which should ensure strong national protection of the values of the property, including the prevention of encroachment from adjoining development. It is essential that this legislation is rigorously enforced and is respected by all levels of government that have responsibilities in the area. The property also has an effective and functioning management plan, provided its implementation can be ensured through adequate resources to both maintain the necessary staffing levels and undertake the necessary management activities to protect and manage the property. A system of regular monitoring of the natural values of Pirin and ongoing programmes to maintain habitats and landforms in their natural state, avoid disturbance and other impacts on wildlife, and to preserve the aesthetic values of the property are required.
The World Heritage property has long been subject to tourism pressure, largely caused by the development of ski facilities and ski runs. Small ski areas were developed at Bansko, Dobrinishte and Kulinoto in the 1980s and 1990s. Activities such as night skiing, off-piste skiing and heliskiing are activities which may affect the values and integrity of the property and require rigorous control. Bansko, adjoining the property, has become one of the most rapidly developing towns in Bulgaria with hotels and holiday resorts constructed literally on the park boundary. Tourism development within and around the property has not been effectively controlled in the past including some areas that were developed within the property and caused significant damage. The management plan for the property needs to ensure a long-term priority for the protection of the natural values of Pirin, and to guard against any encroachments and impacts within the property from skiing, sporting events or other inappropriate development. Equally the planning documents that are created by national, regional and local authorities need to similarly ensure the protection of the natural values of the property, and also integrate the benefits it provides as a natural landscape to the surrounding area.
Other threats to the property include illegal logging, poaching and the use of snow mobiles and quad bikes. These uses require close monitoring, management and the enforcement of effective regulations. The management of visitor use to both prevent negative impacts and provide opportunities to experience the values of the property in a sustainable way is also an essential long term requirement for this property.
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