State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Italy Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 716 Housing 347 Illegal activities 240 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 232 Ground transport infrastructure 205 Legal framework 194 Land conversion 158 Management activities 138 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 128 Mining 125 Human resources 119 War 115 Financial resources 113 Water infrastructure 110 Governance 98 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 88 Interpretative and visitation facilities 79 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 79 Civil unrest 75 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 68 Water (rain/water table) 66 Commercial development 64 Deliberate destruction of heritage 63 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 54 Surface water pollution 47 Oil and gas 45 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 43 Solid waste 43 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 43 Other climate change impacts 43 Marine transport infrastructure 42 Forestry /wood production 41 Flooding 37 Fire (widlfires) 35 Underground transport infrastructure 33 Major linear utilities 33 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 31 Society's valuing of heritage 30 Renewable energy facilities 27 Air transport infrastructure 25 Storms 23 Earthquake 23 Crop production 22 Commercial hunting 21 Water (extraction) 20 Quarrying 19 Air pollution 18 Invasive / alien freshwater species 17 Non-renewable energy facilities 16 Desertification 15 Industrial areas 14 Localised utilities 14 Changes to oceanic waters 14 High impact research / monitoring activities 14 Relative humidity 13 Ground water pollution 12 Wind 12 Drought 12 Subsistence hunting 11 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 10 Invasive / alien marine species 8 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 7 Input of excess energy 6 Pollution of marine waters 5 Military training 5 Translocated species 5 Low impact research / monitoring activities 5 Pests 4 Aquaculture 3 Subsistence wild plant collection 3 Terrorism 3 Temperature change 3 Avalanche/ landslide 3 Hyper-abundant species 3