State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Italy Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 694 Housing 336 Illegal activities 228 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 222 Ground transport infrastructure 194 Legal framework 187 Land conversion 150 Management activities 137 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 120 Mining 119 Human resources 115 War 113 Financial resources 109 Water infrastructure 101 Governance 95 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 85 Interpretative and visitation facilities 76 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 76 Civil unrest 72 Water (rain/water table) 65 Deliberate destruction of heritage 63 Commercial development 62 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 62 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 54 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 43 Oil and gas 43 Solid waste 42 Surface water pollution 42 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 42 Other climate change impacts 42 Marine transport infrastructure 41 Forestry /wood production 39 Flooding 36 Underground transport infrastructure 32 Fire (widlfires) 32 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 31 Major linear utilities 30 Society's valuing of heritage 30 Air transport infrastructure 24 Renewable energy facilities 24 Storms 23 Earthquake 23 Crop production 21 Commercial hunting 20 Quarrying 19 Water (extraction) 19 Air pollution 17 Invasive / alien freshwater species 17 Non-renewable energy facilities 15 Desertification 15 Industrial areas 14 Changes to oceanic waters 14 High impact research / monitoring activities 14 Localised utilities 13 Relative humidity 13 Wind 12 Ground water pollution 11 Subsistence hunting 11 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 10 Drought 10 Invasive / alien marine species 8 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 7 Input of excess energy 6 Pollution of marine waters 5 Military training 5 Pests 4 Translocated species 4 Aquaculture 3 Subsistence wild plant collection 3 Terrorism 3 Temperature change 3 Avalanche/ landslide 3 Hyper-abundant species 3 Low impact research / monitoring activities 3