State of Conservation
Category of site
Cultural site
Natural site
Mixed site
Site inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger
Cultural site
Natural site
Mixed site
States Parties
Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo Côte d'Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo Ethiopia Gabon Guinea Kenya Madagascar Malawi Niger Senegal South Africa Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Zambia ZimbabweThreats
Illegal activities 183 Management systems/ management plan 128 Mining 115 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 87 Land conversion 84 Civil unrest 78 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 56 Water infrastructure 51 Oil and gas 48 Ground transport infrastructure 45 War 43 Financial resources 34 Human resources 28 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 27 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 27 Forestry /wood production 26 Fire (widlfires) 24 Drought 23 Governance 21 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 17 Major linear utilities 16 Housing 15 Surface water pollution 15 Commercial hunting 15 Subsistence hunting 14 Management activities 14 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 13 Water (extraction) 12 Invasive / alien freshwater species 12 Other climate change impacts 11 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 10 Translocated species 10 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 8 Air pollution 7 Solid waste 7 Society's valuing of heritage 7 Air transport infrastructure 6 Crop production 4 Legal framework 4 Terrorism 3 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 2 Renewable energy facilities 2 Deliberate destruction of heritage 1
* :
The threats indicated are listed in alphabetical order; their order does not constitute a classification according to the importance of their impact on the property.
Furthermore, they are presented irrespective of the type of threat faced by the property, i.e. with specific and proven imminent danger (“ascertained danger”) or with threats which could have deleterious effects on the property’s Outstanding Universal Value (“potential danger”).
** : All mission reports are not always available electronically.