State of Conservation

States Parties

Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo Côte d'Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Ghana Guinea Kenya Lesotho Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritius Mozambique Niger Nigeria Senegal South Africa Togo Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 389 Illegal activities 321 Mining 182 Land conversion 171 Civil unrest 146 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 139 Housing 134 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 119 War 110 Financial resources 108 Human resources 98 Ground transport infrastructure 96 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 79 Management activities 78 Water infrastructure 73 Solid waste 62 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 61 Oil and gas 59 Legal framework 56 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 47 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 47 Water (rain/water table) 45 Fire (widlfires) 44 Surface water pollution 38 Forestry /wood production 37 Governance 37 Crop production 32 Interpretative and visitation facilities 31 Drought 31 Deliberate destruction of heritage 29 Commercial hunting 22 Major linear utilities 21 Subsistence hunting 20 Invasive / alien freshwater species 20 Water (extraction) 19 Marine transport infrastructure 17 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 17 Other climate change impacts 17 Translocated species 17 Industrial areas 16 Air transport infrastructure 11 Air pollution 11 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 11 Commercial development 10 Ground water pollution 10 Relative humidity 9 Flooding 9 Society's valuing of heritage 7 Earthquake 6 Wind 4 Changes to oceanic waters 4 Non-renewable energy facilities 3 Renewable energy facilities 3 Input of excess energy 3 Terrorism 3 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 2 Subsistence wild plant collection 1 Storms 1 Low impact research / monitoring activities 1