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1.
A wide range of books, manuals and reports about World Heritage for adults and young people are available for purchase or download on this website, in several languages.
You may download and print a free general information kit about World Heritage in English, French or Spanish from this website, as well as other brochures and materials.
If you would like to receive a ...
2.
Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more. Everyone is entitled to these rights, without ...
3.
Launched in 1994 at the grassroots level by the UNESCO Associated Schools Project Network (ASPnet) and the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, this Project gives young people a chance to voice their concerns and to become involved in the protection of the world’s natural and cultural heritage.
The World Heritage in Young Hands education kit includes student activities and ...
4.
Authenticity only applies to cultural properties and to the cultural aspects of ‘mixed’ properties. Authenticity can be seen as the link between attributes and Outstanding Universal Value.
According to paragraph 82 of the Operational Guidelines, a World Heritage property ”[] may be understood to meet the conditions of authenticity if their cultural values (as recognized in ...
5.
According to the Resource Manual 'Preparing World Heritage Nominations', "Attributes are aspects of a property which are associated with or express the Outstanding Universal Value. Attributes can be tangible or intangible. The Operational Guidelines indicate a range of types of attribute which might convey Outstanding Universal Value, including:
form and design;
materials ...
6.
"The term ‘Indigenous peoples’ is to be understood in the context of the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention (No. 169) concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries as:
1. tribal peoples in independent countries whose social, cultural and economic conditions distinguish them from other sections of the national community, and whose status ...
7.
World Heritage Resource Manuals are tools available to help States Parties in their implementation of the World Heritage Convention.
Consult the Resource Manuals
UNESCO, ICCROM, ICOMOS and IUCN. 2010. Managing Disaster Risks for World Heritage. Paris, UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
UNESCO, ICCROM, ICOMOS and IUCN. 2011. Preparing World Heritage Nominations.(Second edition). ...
8.
The World Heritage Committee meets annually and consists of representatives from twenty-one of the States Parties to the Convention, who are elected by the General Assembly for terms up to six years.
The Committee is responsible for the implementation of the World Heritage Convention, defines the use of the World Heritage Fund and allocates financial assistance. It decides ...
9.
The World Heritage Centre UNESCO World Heritage Centre is responsible for the day-to-day management of the World Heritage Convention. The Centre, which is based in Paris, is staffed by conservation experts from around the world who coordinate within UNESCO activities relating to World Heritage including management of the Convention, organization of the annual World ...
10.
The World Heritage List is a list of cultural and natural heritage as defined in Articles 2 and 3 of the World Heritage Convention, deemed to be of 'Outstanding Universal Value'. It is established, updated and published by the World Heritage Committee as per Article 11 of the World Heritage Convention and is drawn from the national inventories referred to in Article 11.1 ...
11.
UNESCO is a non-profit intergovernmental organization. Contributions to UNESCO’s World Heritage from states, public institutions, foundations or individuals - are used for projects implemented by experts to protect World Heritage sites around the world. The World Heritage Marketplace is one way for donors to support World Heritage, it matches potential donors and projects ...
12.
The Nordic World Heritage Foundation was established as a Foundation by the Norwegian Government in between 2002 and 2014 and was officially given UNESCO’s auspices by the General Conference in 2003. By joining efforts of the five Nordic Countries in support of the World Heritage Convention, the Foundation promotes World Heritage conservation by supporting innovative ...
13.
The Fund for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage of Outstanding Universal Value, called "the World Heritage Fund", was established under Article 15 of the World Heritage Convention. Its resources consist primarily of assessed contributions by the States Parties of the Convention and may be used only for such purposes as the World Heritage Committee ...
14.
The World Heritage emblem represents the interdependence of the world’s natural and cultural diversity. It is used to identify properties protected by the World Heritage Convention and inscribed on the official World Heritage List, and represents the universal values for which the Convention stands.
Designed by Belgian artist Michel Olyff, it was adopted as the official ...
15.
Inscription refers to the act of including or inscribing a property in the World Heritage List. To be included on the World Heritage List, sites must be of Outstanding Universal Value and meet at least one out of ten selection criteria.
These criteria are explained in the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention which, besides the text ...
16.
World Heritage properties are those defined in Articles 1 and 2 of the World Heritage Convention and inscribed on the World Heritage List on the basis of their Outstanding Universal Value, which is fulfilled through meeting one or more of criteria (i)–(x) as explained in the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention.
17.
The World Heritage Committee meets once a year, and consists of representatives from 21 of the States Parties to the Convention elected for terms up to six years. The Committee is responsible for the implementation of the World Heritage Convention, allocates financial assistance from the World Heritage Fund and has the final say on whether a site is inscribed on the World ...
18.
International assistance requests under the World Heritage Fund are evaluated by both the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies to the World Heritage Committee, namely ICOMOS and ICCROM for cultural or mixed heritage and IUCN for natural or mixed heritage.International assistance requests for US$30,000 or less are evaluated by the World Heritage Centre only. The ...
19.
Usually referred to as simply the Operational Guidelines, these help to explain the implementation of the Convention. They include procedures for:
inscription of properties on the World Heritage List and the List of World Heritage in Danger;
protection and conservation of World Heritage properties;
granting of International Assistance under the World Heritage ...
20.
The World Heritage Committee relies on citizens to play an active role in protecting World Heritage sites. If you have any concern about an existing site, do not hesitate to contact the National Commission of the country in charge of the site. To see the contact details of the National Commission, click on the name of the country in the list of States Parties. You may also ...
21.
The UNESCO World Heritage Centre is not a photobank.
The photos that appear on the World Heritage website, in the photo galleries for each World Heritage site, were generously donated by photographers to help raise awareness of the importance of the World Heritage Convention. They are for educational use, but not for commercial distribution.
Therefore, these photos are not ...
22.
World Heritage Centre is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Convention and for the administration of the World Heritage Fund.
23.
To be included on the World Heritage List, sites must be of outstanding universal value and meet at least one out of ten selection criteria. These criteria are explained in the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention which, besides the text of the Convention, is the main working tool on World Heritage. The criteria are regularly ...
24.
As per Article 8(1) of the World Heritage Convention (or Rule 49 of the Rules of Procedure of the World Heritage Committee), the General Assembly of States Parties to the Convention meets during the sessions of the General Conference of UNESCO.
During its session, the General Assembly determines the uniform percentage of contributions to the World Heritage Fund applicable ...
25.
The aims of Strategy for Reducing Risks from disasters at World Heritage properties (2007) are to strengthen the protection of World Heritage and contribute to sustainable development by assisting States Parties to the Convention to integrate heritage concerns into national disaster reduction policies and to incorporate concern for disaster reduction within management ...
26.
In 1994, the World Heritage Committee launched the Global Strategy for a Representative, Balanced and Credible World Heritage List. Its aim is to ensure that the List reflects the world's cultural and natural diversity of outstanding universal value.
By adopting the Global Strategy, the World Heritage Committee wanted to broaden the definition of World Heritage to better ...
27.
World Heritage is the designation for places on Earth that are of outstanding universal value to humanity and as such, have been inscribed on the World Heritage List to be protected for future generations to appreciate and enjoy. Places as diverse and unique as the Pyramids of Egypt, the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, Galápagos Islands in Ecuador, the Taj Mahal in India, ...
28.
If a place has 'World Heritage status', it means that it has been deemed to have Outstanding Universal Value and has been inscribed on the World Heritage List.
Consult the World Heritage List: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/.
29.
ICOMOS thematic studies: The International Council on Monuments and Sites regularly conducts and publishes thematic studies in the context of the World Heritage Convention. An overview of the publications can be found here.
IUCN thematic studies: the International Union for the Conservation of Nature has undertaken a range of global and regional studies to support State ...
30.
The UNESCO World Heritage Education Programme, initiated as a UNESCO special project in 1994, gives young people a chance to voice their concerns and to become involved in the protection of our common cultural and natural heritage. It seeks to encourage and enable tomorrow’s decision-makers to participate in heritage conservation and to respond to the continuing threats ...
31.
Use of the World Heritage emblem, or logo, is strictly regulated and determined by the World Heritage Committee, with guidelines for its use defined in Chapter 8 of the Operational Guidelines. Please note that before using the World Heritage logo in any form, authorization from the appropriate UNESCO National Commission is required. Click here for more information ...
32.
The World Heritage Resource Manual 'Managing Cultural World Heritage' states 'The World Heritage system requires States Parties to engage in the management of cultural properties in two different and significant stages which form a continuum. 1) A State Party must first demonstrate, as part of the inscription process, how it will manage the Outstanding Universal Value of ...
33.
All States Parties to the World Heritage Convention are eligible in principle. But they must have paid their dues to the World Heritage Fund.
Individuals, foundations, IGOs and NGOs are not eligible for submitting International Assistance requests under the World Heritage Fund.
34.
The World Heritage Convention, adopted in 1972, is a legally binding instrument providing an intergovernmental framework for international cooperation for the identification and conservation of the world's most outstanding natural and cultural properties. The document developed from the merging of two separate movements: the first focusing on the preservation of cultural ...
35.
Article 4 of the World Heritage Convention states:
"Each State Party to this Convention recognizes that the duty of ensuring the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission to future generations of the cultural and natural heritage referred to in Articles 1 and 2 and situated on its territory, belongs primarily to that State ...".
The World ...
36.
The vision of the UNESCO Memory of the World Programme is that the world's documentary heritage belongs to all, should be fully preserved and protected for all and, with due recognition of cultural mores and practicalities, should be permanently accessible to all without hindrance.
The mission of the Memory of the World Programme is:
To facilitate preservation, by the ...
37.
Once a country signs the World Heritage Convention, and has sites inscribed on the World Heritage List, the resulting prestige often helps raise awareness among citizens and governments for heritage preservation. Greater awareness leads to a general rise in the level of the protection and conservation given to heritage properties. A country may also receive financial ...
38.
The World Heritage Fund, created in 1972 by the World Heritage Convention, receives most of its income from compulsory contributions from countries (States Parties), and from voluntary contributions. The total received each year is just under US$4 million, a modest sum considering the magnitude of world heritage needs.
Donations are important. Your donation can help make ...
39.
As per Article 8(1) of the World Heritage Convention (or Rule 49 of the Rules of Procedure of the World Heritage Committee), the General Assembly of States Parties to the Convention meets every two years during the General Conference of UNESCO (Article 8.3 of the Convention).
There are 21 Committee members represented by 21 States Parties to the World Heritage Convention. ...
40.
One of the main tools of the World Heritage Education Programme, the World Heritage in Young Hands Educational Resource Kit for secondary school teachers was developed in 1998. It aims to sensitize young people to the importance of preserving their local, national and world heritage.
Consult the Resource Kit here.
Source(s): https://whc.unesco.org/en/educationkit/
41.
Refers to a decision taken by the World Heritage Committee on whether a site should be inscribed on the World Heritage List.
Once a site has been nominated and evaluated, it is up to the intergovernmental World Heritage Committee to make the final decision on its inscription. Once a year, the Committee meets to decide which sites will be inscribed on the World Heritage ...
42.
Map(s) showing the boundaries of the area(s) and buffer zone(s), where applicable, of the World Heritage property as inscribed by the World Heritage Committee
43.
The World Heritage Convention, adopted in 1972, is a legally binding instrument providing an intergovernmental framework for international cooperation for the identification and conservation of the world's most outstanding natural and cultural properties. The document developed from the merging of two separate movements: the first focusing on the preservation of cultural ...
44.
Depending on their amount, International Assistance requests under the World Heritage Fund are approved by
the Director of the World Heritage Centre, when the request is for US$5,000 or less;
the Chairperson of the World Heritage Committee, when the request is between US$5,001 and US$30,000 (but between US$5,001 and US$75,000 for emergency assistance requests);
the World ...
45.
The "Policy document on the impacts of climate change on World Heritage properties" was adopted by the 16th General Assembly of States Parties to the World Heritage Convention. It touches on synergies between conventions on the issue; identification of future research needs in this area, legal questions on the role of the World Heritage Convention with regard to suitable ...
46.
According to Article 5(d) of the World Heritage Convention, the States Parties are required to:”[…] take the appropriate legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financial measures necessary for the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and rehabilitation of this heritage ”.
The World Heritage Operational Guidelines (paragraph 97) further states ...
47.
States Parties have an obligation to regularly prepare reports about the state of conservation and the various protection measures put in place at their sites. These reports allow the World Heritage Committee to assess the conditions at the sites and, eventually, to decide on the necessity of adopting specific measures to resolve recurrent problems. One of such measures ...
48.
The General Assembly includes all States Parties to the Convention and meets once every two years during the ordinary session of the General Conference of UNESCO to elect the members of the World Heritage Committee. During its session, the Assembly determines contributions to the World Heritage Fund applicable to all States Parties and elects new members to the World ...
49.
International Assistance under the World Heritage Convention is a financial assistance granted to the States Parties to the World Heritage Convention, in order to help them protect the cultural or natural heritage sites inscribed on the World Heritage List or on the List of World Heritage in Danger.
For more information, please visit: ...
50.
The UNESCO World Heritage Review is a glossy, colour, quarterly publication featuring in-depth articles and news on World Heritage sites with maps and striking photographs.
51.
Based on the State of Conservation report and on the advice of the Advisory Bodies and in consultation with the States Parties, the Committee may include properties on the List of World Heritage in Danger. The Danger List was established under Article 11.4 of the World Heritage Convention for World Heritage properties threatened by serious and specific danger, whose ...
52.
The World Heritage Capacity Building Strategy was requested by the World Heritage Committee at its 34th session (Decision 34 COM 9C) and presented at the 35th Session in 2011.
According to its Mission Statement, “The purpose of this strategy is to provide a framework which favours the development of effective actions and programmes to strengthen or develop capacities of ...
53.
The World Heritage Capacity-Building Strategy (WHCBS) was approved by the World Heritage Committee at its 35th session (Paris, 2011) (Decision 35 COM 9B). The Strategy was developed by ICCROM and IUCN in collaboration with ICOMOS, the World Heritage Centre, and other The Capacity Building Strategy is organized according to the “5Cs” that represent the established strategic ...
54.
International assistance requests for Conservation & Management assistance or Preparatory assistance, for more than US$5,000:
31 October, year N: deadline for submission.
January, year N+1: evaluation by a panel gathering the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies to the World Heritage Committee.
If the request is recommended for approval and is between ...
55.
PACT offers different possibilities for partnerships, notably the adoption or sponsorship of a World Heritage site, support for existing programmes and the development of educational awareness raising as well as support for activities in local and international communities. For more information on current projects and areas of cooperation or how to become a partner in the ...
56.
World Heritage is the designation for places on earth that are of Outstanding Universal Value to humanity and as such, have been inscribed on the World Heritage List to be protected for future generations to appreciate and enjoy.
Source(s): https://whc.unesco.org/en/faq/19
57.
The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage is an international agreement that was adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO in 1972. It is based on the premise that certain places on Earth are of outstanding universal value and should therefore form part of the common heritage of humankind. The countries who ratify the Convention ...
58.
States Parties are countries which have adhered to the World Heritage Convention. They identify and nominate sites on their national territory to be considered for inscription on the World Heritage List. States Parties have the responsibility to protect the World Heritage values of the sites inscribed and report periodically on their condition.
59.
Once a country signs the World Heritage Convention, and has sites inscribed on the World Heritage List, the resulting prestige often helps raise awareness among citizens and governments for heritage preservation. Greater awareness leads to a general rise in the level of the protection and conservation given to heritage properties. A country may also receive financial ...
60.
For the purpose of management, States Parties prepare a Statement of Outstanding Universal Value which the World Heritage Committee adopts at the time of inscription.
According to the Operational Guidelines, ‘the Statement of Outstanding Universal Value shall be the basis for the future protection and management of the property’.
Statements of OUV aim to provide a clear, ...
61.
With regards to conflict prevention, the Policy Document for the Integration of a Sustainable Development Perspective into the Processes of the World Heritage Convention states that:
"States Parties have a critically important role to play in ensuring that the implementation of the World Heritage Convention, including the establishment of the World Heritage List and ...
62.
A special cooperation agreement existing between World Heritage properties, for example such as exists between two the World Heritage Marine sites, Banc d’Arguin National Park (Mauritania) and the Wadden Sea (Denmark/Germany/The Netherlands).
63.
To be included on the World Heritage List, sites must be of Outstanding Universal Value and meet at least one of ten criteria, as well as the relevant conditions of integrity and authenticity and requirements for protection and management. The World Heritage criteria are explained in the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention which, ...
64.
Each country has a formal World Heritage representative, the National Focal Point, mandated with implementing Convention activities within the country, and being the channel for information between the Secretariat, countries and other stakeholders”.
Source(s): Assessing Marine World Heritage from an Ecosystem Perspective
65.
According to Paragraph 23 of the 'Policy Document for the Integration of a Sustainable Development Perspective into the Processes of the World Heritage Convention' (World Heritage Sustainable Development Policy), "Gender equality is one of UNESCO’s two global priorities. The UNESCO Priority Gender Equality Action Plan (2014-2021), moreover, requires Member States and the ...
66.
Buffer zones are clearly delineated area(s) outside a World Heritage property and adjacent to its boundaries which contribute to the protection, conservation, management, integrity, authenticity and sustainability of the Outstanding Universal Value of the property. Although buffer zones are not regarded as part of the inscribed property, their boundaries and relevant ...
67.
The World Heritage Convention does not specifically define identification. Throughout the Convention reference is made to the "identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission to future generations of the cultural and natural heritage". Article 5 of the Convention makes reference to a number of "effective and active measures" that can be taken by ...
68.
Periodic Reporting is one of the core conservation monitoring mechanisms of the World Heritage Convention. Every six years, the States Parties are invited to submit to the World Heritage Committee a Periodic Report on the application of the World Heritage Convention in their territory.
69.
The overall goal of the Policy on the Integration of a Sustainable Development Perspective into the Processes of the World Heritage Convention is to assist States Parties, practitioners, institutions, communities and networks, through appropriate guidance, to harness the potential of World Heritage properties and heritage in general, to contribute to sustainable ...
70.
The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre manages the database of World Heritage properties with natural values.
71.
The World Heritage Committee recognises the benefits of closer coordination and synergies between global conservation instruments (Operational Guidelines Paragraphs 41-44).
The World Heritage Centre reports to the World Heritage Committee annually on synergies with other culture and biodiversity-related Conventions.
For more information, please visit the synergies ...
72.
Countries (or States Parties) submit nomination proposals to the World Heritage Committee. If the Committee determines, based on the recommendations of its Advisory Bodies (ICOMOS and IUCN), that the nomination meets at least one of the necessary criteria, then the property proposed by the State Party is inscribed on the World Heritage List. In general, the Committee adds ...
73.
Reactive Monitoring is the reporting by the Secretariat, other sectors of UNESCO and the Advisory Bodies to the Committee on the state of conservation of specific World Heritage properties that are under threat. To this end, the States Parties shall submit specific reports and impact studies each time exceptional circumstances occur or work is undertaken which may have an ...
74.
A key benefit of ratification, particularly for developing countries, is access to the World Heritage Fund and International Assistance. This is made available to assist States Parties in identifying, preserving and promoting World Heritage sites. Emergency assistance may also be made available for urgent action to repair damage caused by human-made or natural disasters. ...
75.
The site is the property of the country on whose territory it is located, but it is considered in the interest of the international community to protect the site for future generations. Its protection and preservation becomes a concern of the international World Heritage community as a whole.
76.
According to Paragraph 217 of the Operational Guidelines, States Parties “[…] are encouraged to raise awareness of the need to preserve World Heritage. In particular, they should ensure that World Heritage status is adequately marked and promoted on-site".
Paragraph 218 of the Operational Guidelines states:
“The Secretariat provides assistance to States Parties in ...
77.
According to the World Heritage and Capacity Building Strategy, “For the purposes of this strategy, capacity building in the World Heritage framework can be defined as follows. If capacity is “the ability of individuals, organizations and societies to perform functions, solve problems, and set and achieve objectives in a sustainable manner” , then capacity building for the ...
78.
“The human, financial and intellectual inputs that create operational capacity and facilitate processes”.
Source(s): World Heritage Resource Manual, Managing Cultural World Heritage
79.
Any World Heritage property that consists of two or more areas which are physically unconnected but related, for example because they belong to the same geological or geomorphologic formation, biogeographic province or ecosystem type, and which together are of OUV; such value would not necessarily exist if its component parts were considered individually (see Operational ...
80.
The International assistance scheme under the World Heritage Fund deals with the protection of cultural sites (monuments, groups of buildings, historic cities, archaeological sites) and natural sites inscribed on the World Heritage List. Priority is given to the most threatened properties, especially those inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger. Sites inscribed ...
81.
With regards to post-conflict recovery, the Policy Document for the Integration of a Sustainable Development Perspective into the Processes of the World Heritage Convention states:
"33. During a conflict and in the post-conflict transition phase, World Heritage properties and their wider settings can make a significant contribution to recovery and socioeconomic ...
82.
The Operational Guidelines define cultural landscapes as cultural properties which represent the ‘combined works of nature and of man’ as designated in Article 1 of the Convention (Paragraph 47).
There is no single World Heritage criterion for cultural landscapes and it is conceivable that any of the cultural criteria might be used in justifying the Outstanding Universal ...
83.
Every year, thousands of volunteers participate in restoration and research projects at World Heritage sites around the globe. Innumerable opportunities exist for volunteers to focus their efforts on helping environmental watchdogs, nature conservationists or architectural restorers at sites inscribed on the World Heritage List, as well as assisting researchers with ...
84.
With regards to promoting conflict resolution, the Policy Document for the Integration of a Sustainable Development Perspective into the Processes of the World Heritage Convention states:
32. The inherent potential of World Heritage properties and of their conservation to contribute favourably to conflict resolution and the re-establishment of peace and security should be ...
85.
Disaster is defined as a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society causing widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources (UNISDR, 2002).
In the Managing Disaster Risks for World Heritage manual, the definition of a disaster is extended to ...
86.
States Parties are countries which have adhered to the World Heritage Convention. They thereby agree to identify and nominate properties on their national territory to be considered for inscription on the World Heritage List. When a State Party nominates a property, it gives details of how a property is protected and provides a management plan for its upkeep. States ...
87.
According to 34.1 of ‘Rule 34 Decisions’ of the Rules of Procedure of the World Heritage Committee, ‘The Committee shall adopt such decisions and recommendations as it may deem appropriate’.
88.
Three international non-governmental or intergovernmental organizations are named in the Convention to advise the Committee in its deliberations.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an international, non-governmental organization that provides the World Heritage Committee with technical evaluations of natural heritage properties and, through its ...
89.
The World Heritage Convention does not specifically define conservation. Throughout the Convention reference is made to the "identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission to future generations of the cultural and natural heritage".
Article 5 of the Convention makes reference to a number of "effective and active measures" that can be taken by ...
90.
A nomination dossier is ..
In addition to the role of the nomination dossier as documenting the case for World Heritage inscription, the nomination can also contribute to the ongoing management of the nominated property. (Preparing World Heritage Nominations)
91.
The UNESCO World Heritage Convention is a treaty that has become, over the past 40 years, the foremost international legal tool in support of the conservation of the world's cultural and natural heritage. Today, 191 countries (called States Parties) have ratified the Convention, making it an almost universally accepted set of principles and framework of action.
Learn more ...
92.
Needs, in the context of capacity building for the effective management of World Heritage properties, to:
strengthen the knowledge, abilities, skills and behaviour of people with direct responsibilities for heritage conservation and management,
improve institutional structures and processes through empowering decision-makers and policy-makers, and
introduce a more ...
93.
According to the guidelines of the Memory of the World Programme – which is in charge of the heritage housed in museums, archives and libraries around the world -, the definition of documentary heritage includes the following elements:
mobile;
consisting of signs/codes, sounds and/or images;
can be conserved (the supports are inert elements);
can be reproduced and ...
94.
Buffer zones are described in The World Heritage Resource Manual Preparing World Heritage Nominations (2nd edition, UNESCO 2011) as follows: ”Every World Heritage property needs protection and management arrangements for activities outside the property, including their immediate setting. Buffer zones are one commonly used means to achieve this protection, conservation and ...
95.
The 'fostering of peace and security' is one of the three dimensions of sustainable development set out in the 2030 UN Agenda for Sustainable Development and in the Policy Document for the Integration of a Sustainable Development Perspective into the Processes of the World Heritage Convention. Paragraphs 28 and 29 of this policy read:
28. Sustainable development and the ...
96.
Paragraph 17 of the World Heritage and Sustainable Development Policy states 'The World Heritage Convention in Article 5 calls upon States Parties to “adopt a general policy which aims to give the cultural and natural heritage a function in the life of the community”. States Parties should recognise that inclusive social development is at the heart of the implementation of ...
97.
Sustainable development involves stable, equitable and inclusive economic growth, based on sustainable patterns of production and consumption” (“Realizing the Future We Want for All”, page 29 of the World Heritage and Sustainable Development Policy). Inclusive economic development favours a people-centred economy. It makes macroeconomic growth and equity compatible, as ...
98.
Protection and management of World Heritage properties, as outlined in the Operational Guidelines should ensure that the OUV, the conditions of integrity and/or authenticity at the time of inscription are maintained or enhanced in the future (Paragraph 96).
Source(s): Managing Natural World Heritage
99.
Following the 1st Extraordinary Session (UNESCO, 2014), the General Assembly amended its Rules of Procedures in order to achieve the goal of an equitable geographical and cultural representation on the World Heritage Committee, through the allocation of seats by region (defined with reference to UNESCO’s electoral groups) on the World Heritage Committee.
For more details ...
100.
Transboundary sites may occur where the features of a site span international boundaries. Transboundary nominations are inscribed as a single property on the World Heritage List, and require joint nomination by the States Parties involved.”
According to the Operational Guidelines, paragraph 134 regarding transboundary properties, 'A nominated property may occur:
on the ...
101.
The full cycle of activities from nomination to management and decision-making conducted with regard to the World Heritage properties stipulated under the World Heritage Convention.
Heritage processes include national and international protection processes for the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission to future generations of the cultural ...
102.
On 19 November 2015, the 20th General Assembly of the States Parties to the World Heritage Convention adopted a Policy on the Integration of a Sustainable Development Perspective into the Processes of the Convention.
The overall goal of the policy is to assist States Parties, practitioners, institutions, communities and networks, through appropriate guidance, to harness ...
103.
Terms and Conditions of Use
UNESCO/WHC makes some of its web content available via syndication. An RSS icon appears on the syndication page, indicating those sections available for syndication. Whether you register as a subscriber or not, you must observe the following rules:
This website and its content is protected by international law. Any republication, online or in ...
104.
The World Heritage Convention defines natural heritage as:
natural features consisting of physical and biological formations or groups of such formations, which are of Outstanding Universal Value from the aesthetic or scientific point of view;
geological and physiographical formations and precisely delineated areas which constitute the habitat of threatened species of ...
105.
The World Network of Biosphere Reserves of the MAB Programme consists of a dynamic and interactive network of sites of excellence. It fosters the harmonious integration of people and nature for sustainable development through participatory dialogue; knowledge sharing; poverty reduction and human well-being improvements; respect for cultural values and society’s ability to ...
106.
The Rules of Procedure adopted by the General Assembly in November 2014 state that “at each election, due consideration shall be given to the election of at least one State Party which has never served as a Member of the World Heritage Committee" (Rule 14.1d).
See Statistics on States Parties.
107.
The General Assembly includes all States Parties to the Convention. It meets once every two years during the ordinary session of the General Conference of UNESCO to elect the members of the World Heritage Committee, to examine the statement of accounts of the World Heritage Fund and to decide on major policy issues.
108.
In the interest of world heritage conservation, the World Heritage Centre and its partners have developed a series of programmes and are actively involved in the implementation of projects, workshops, seminars and training courses. Click here to find out more about some of the ongoing projects.
109.
The UNESCO Science Sector with its Division of Ecological Sciences, the Division of Earth Sciences and the Bureau for Coordination of Environmental Programmes, cooperates with the World Heritage Centre and IUCN in executing operational projects concerning natural World Heritage properties, in particular those which are also UNESCO Biosphere Reserves.
110.
Gender equality is one of UNESCO’s two global priorities. The UNESCO Priority Gender Equality Action Plan (2014-2021), moreover, requires Member States and the governing bodies of UNESCO regulatory instruments “to establish gender-sensitive, gender-responsive and gender-transformative policies and practices in the field of heritage”.
Therefore, States Parties ...
111.
No, there is no provision.
112.
According to the World Heritage Sustainable Development Policy, the World Heritage Convention promotes environmental sustainability:
“by valuing and conserving places of outstanding natural heritage value, containing exceptional biodiversity, geodiversity or other exceptional natural features, which are essential for human well-being.” (Article 13).
The policy also applies ...
113.
The Justification for inscription is a part of nomination documentation that makes clear why the property is considered to be of “Outstanding Universal Value”. It is comprised of more detailed information to support the text of the proposed Statement of Outstanding Universal Value; the World Heritage criteria under which the property is proposed together with a clearly ...
114.
A human rights-based approach is a conceptual framework for the process of human development that is normatively based on international human rights standards and operationally directed to promoting and protecting human rights. It seeks to analyse inequalities which lie at the heart of development problems and redress discriminatory practices and unjust distributions of ...
115.
In relation to the nomination of sites for inscription on the World Heritage List, “Upstream processes” include advice, consultation and analysis that occur prior to the submission of a nomination and are aimed at reducing the number of nominations that experience significant problems during the evaluation process. The basic principle of the upstream processes is to enable ...
116.
According to Article 5(d) of the World Heritage Convention, the States Parties are required to:”[…] take the appropriate legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financial measures necessary for the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and rehabilitation of this heritage ...”. The World Heritage Operational Guidelines (paragraph 97) further states ...
117.
Refers to a decision taken by the World Heritage Committee on the State of Conservation of a property. Committee decisions can recommend a number of courses of action. These can include:
a) [The Committee] may decide that the property has not seriously deteriorated and that no further action should be taken;
b) when the Committee considers that the property has seriously ...
118.
"Management systems are described and defined in paragraphs 108-118 of the Operational Guidelines.
Specifically, paragraph 108 states that “Each nominated property should have an appropriate management plan or other documented management system which must specify how the Outstanding Universal Value of a property should be preserved, preferably through participatory ...
119.
Communities is one of the five strategic objectives for the implementation of the World Heritage Convention (Credibility, Conservation, Capacity Building, Communication and Communities). These 5 ‘Cs’ were adopted in 2002 at the World Heritage Committee session held in Budapest, Hungary, and were enlarged to encompass ‘communities’ in 2007 *Christchurch, New Zealand, 2007).
120.
Inclusive social development is one of the three dimensions of sustainable development set out in the 2030 UN Agenda for Sustainable Development and in the Policy Document for the Integration of a Sustainable Development Perspective into the Processes of the World Heritage Convention.
Paragraph 17 of the Policy states: The World Heritage Convention in Article 5 calls upon ...
121.
There are 10 criteria for the nomination of World Heritage Sites. Click here to see them in detail.
122.
There are 21 Committee members represented by 21 States Parties to the World Heritage Convention.
123.
The International Council on Monuments and Sites, a non-governmental organization, was founded in 1965 after the adoption of the Charter of Venice, in order to promote the doctrine and the techniques of conservation. ICOMOS provides the World Heritage Committee with evaluations of properties with cultural values proposed for inscription on the World Heritage List, as well ...
124.
Monitoring is the continuous process of observing the conditions of a World Heritage property and analyzing the information collected to determine whether its global condition is improving, stable or degrading overtime or in reaction to a specific event/threat. Monitoring allows the World Heritage Committee to accurately assess the conditions at the site-level and decides ...
125.
Refers to a State that has not ratified, acceded, or otherwise become a Party to an international agreement. As a Non-Party, a State may have limited rights to participate in negotiations or deliberations under the agreement, or to invoke provisions of the agreement.
Source(s): Glossary of World Heritage Terms related to the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention ...
126.
The World Heritage Resource Manual Preparing World Heritage Nominations (2nd edition, UNESCO 2011), draws up some principles concerning boundaries for World Heritage properties:
”the property boundaries must encompass the attributes necessary to meet the condition of integrity, that is a complete and intact set of attributes that convey potential Outstanding Universal ...
127.
Communities is one of the five strategic objectives for the implementation of the World Heritage Convention (Credibility, Conservation, Capacity Building, Communication and Communities). These 5 ‘Cs’ were adopted in 2002 at the World Heritage Committee session held in Budapest, Hungary, and were enlarged to encompass ‘communities’ in 2007 (Christchurch, New Zealand, ...
128.
As per Rule 13.1 of the Rules of procedure of the General Assembly, candidatures should be sent to the Secretariat at least six weeks prior to the opening of the General Assembly.
As per Rule 13.4, this list of candidatures shall be finalised 48 hours before the opening of the General Assembly. No other candidatures nor payments of compulsory and voluntary contributions to ...
129.
The definition of capacity-building identifies three broad areas where capacities reside – practitioners, institutions, and communities and networks – and this is the basis for identifying audiences to target for capacity-building initiatives. This is an approach which brings World Heritage in line with other sectors, for example, the UNDP and the health and food aid ...
130.
The World Heritage Fund is used to provide international assistance to States Parties in the following areas: preparatory assistance for the nomination of sites, training activities, technical cooperation, emergency assistance, or promotional and educational activities.
131.
Taking action in the timeframe before a disaster to lessen post-event damage to lives and property. In risk management, many hazards such as earthquakes cannot be reduced, but the risk from that hazard can be reduced, or mitigated, for example by constructing earthquake-resistant buildings, or shelves that prevent objects from sliding off. The former is structural ...
132.
The International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM) is an intergovernmental organization created to promote the conservation of all forms of cultural heritage, in every region of the world. Its mission is to provide Member States with the best tools, knowledge, skills and enabling environment to preserve their cultural ...
133.
Governance may take place at different levels (local, regional/provincial/state and national federal) and should be understood in a wide context to include legislation/institutional arrangements/democratic processes/citizens etc.
According to the World Heritage Resource Manual ‘Managing Cultural Heritage’ (UNESCO 2013), good governance refers to “the relationship between ...
134.
A site goes through a nomination process before being considered for inscription by the World Heritage Committee. A site can be proposed for inscription only by the country in which the property is located.
135.
Please refer to Rule 14 of the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly: "Election of the members of the World Heritage Committee"
136.
A nominated property is independently evaluated by two Advisory Bodies mandated by the World Heritage Convention: the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), which respectively provide the World Heritage Committee with evaluations of cultural and of natural sites nominated. The third Advisory Body ...
137.
UNESCO Culture Sector is responsible for important conventions and universal declarations, such as the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage and the Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity which it implements in a number of areas in order to promote intercultural dialogue. The Cultural Heritage Division manages international campaigns and ...
138.
State of Conservation or “SOC” reports are the result of the Reactive Monitoring process, which is the reporting by the Secretariat, other sectors of UNESCO and the Advisory Bodies to the Committee on the state of conservation of specific World Heritage properties that are under threat. These reports on the state of conservation of selected properties are examined each ...
139.
The International Council on Monuments and Sites, a non-governmental organization, was founded in 1965 after the adoption of the Charter of Venice, in order to promote the doctrine and the techniques of conservation. ICOMOS provides the World Heritage Committee with evaluations of properties with cultural values proposed for inscription on the World Heritage List, as well ...
140.
Not yet drafted
141.
Heritage impact assessments (HIAs) for World Heritage (WH) properties are conducted in order to evaluate effectively the impact of potential development on the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of properties. Due to diversity of World Heritage properties and varieties of potential impacts, different assessment tools are to be applied, from the state of the art techniques - ...
142.
Interpretation refers to the full range of potential activities intended to heighten public awareness and enhance understanding of cultural heritage site. These can include print and electronic publications, public lectures, on-site and directly related off-site installations, educational programmes, community activities, and ongoing research, training, and evaluation of ...
143.
The first step a country must take is making an ‘inventory’ of its important natural and cultural heritage sites located within its boundaries. This ‘inventory’ is known as the Tentative List, and provides a forecast of the properties that a State Party may decide to submit for inscription in the next five to ten years and which may be updated at any time. It is an ...
144.
”Indicators are measures of the attributes that allow us to determine the quality of a particular attribute, whether the condition of the attribute is within acceptable limits, and whether there are trends or changes such as uphill expansion, increased woodland mortality, etc.”
“Indicators in a woodland might include the proportion of dead to live timber; the amount of ...
145.
According to the manual 'Managing Disaster Risks for World Heritage' ''There are three main stages of Disaster Risk Management: before, during and after disasters. The preparedness activities to be undertaken before a disaster include risk assessment, prevention and mitigation measures for specific hazards (maintenance and monitoring, and formulating and implementing ...
146.
See ‘National Focal Point’.
147.
If you have a suggestion for a World Heritage site, you may wish to send your proposal to the UNESCO National Commission in the country concerned. To see the contact details of the National Commission, click on the name of the country in the list of States Parties.
148.
According to the Convention, a Committee member's mandate is for 6 years.
The General Assembly (Resolution 13 GA 9, paragraph 6) invites the States Parties to the World Heritage Conventionto voluntarily reduce their term of office from six to four years.
149.
According to Rule 13.2 of the Rules of procedure of the General Assembly, members of the World Heritage Committee may stand for election again after a gap of 6 years after the expiry of their mandate.
150.
http://whc.unesco.org/sustainabletourismtoolkit/
151.
Presentation is the explanation of a property and its values to the public (visitors and local people) from established, authoritative information sources; as such it is a largely one-way process of communication.
Interpretation, on the other hand, embraces a much wider concept (in fact presentation is just one element of interpretation) which refers to the full range of ...
152.
Social inclusion is about the processes and outcomes that improve the terms on which people participate in society. People may be excluded from a range of development processes, opportunities, and benefits due to their gender, ethnicity, migrant or refugee status, religion...
Social Inclusion recognizes and addresses these disadvantaged positions with the aim of fostering ...
153.
The first step that a country must take towards the inscription of properties under the Convention is to make an ‘inventory’ of important natural and cultural heritage properties located within its boundaries. One output of this ‘inventory’ is a draft list of potential World Heritage properties, known as a Tentative List, which provides a forecast of the properties that a ...
154.
The professionals with direct responsibilities for heritage conservation and management of World Heritage properties.
155.
Communities, Article 5 of the World Heritage Convention, 5 (a) (Function in the life of communities)
Deleted
156.
Article 5 of the World Heritage Convention, states:
"To ensure that effective and active measures are taken for the protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage situated on its territory, each State Party to this Convention shall endeavor, in so far as possible, and as appropriate for each country:
to adopt a general policy which aims to ...
157.
Article 1 of the World Heritage Convention defines cultural heritage as:
monuments: architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and painting, elements or structures of an archaeological nature, inscriptions, cave dwellings and combinations, which are of Outstanding Universal Value from the point of view of history, art or science;
groups of buildings: groups of ...
158.
UNESCO does not purchase photographs from private individuals, professional photographers or agencies.
UNESCO does however, favour partnerships with photographic institutions that promote the World Heritage Convention and the preservation of World Heritage sites.
UNESCO is also happy to accept the generous donations of photographs which are extremely useful in raising ...
159.
Following are universities that include specialized study of World Heritage issues. You can consult the Education section of this website to learn how to contact the universities directly for more information.
Africa
Cameroon: Ecole de faune de Garoua/Garoua Wildlife School
United Republic of Tanzania: Mweka College of African Wildlife Management
Asia and the ...
160.
“The organizational set-up that sets out the operational structure and working methods that allow actions to be taken”.
Source(s): Managing Cultural World Heritage
161.
The International Council on Monuments and Sites regularly conducts and publishes thematic studies in the context of the World Heritage Convention. An overview of the publications can be found here.
162.
‘Communities’ should be understood in the meaning of Article 5 (a) of the World Heritage Convention, which asks each State Party to the Convention "to adopt a general policy which aims to give the cultural and natural heritage a function in the life of the community and to integrate the protection of that heritage into comprehensive planning programmes".
One of the central ...
163.
All applications for professional or internship opportunities must be sent to UNESCO. Please consult the UNESCO website for information about career opportunities and apply online.
164.
The condition of the attributes of Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) is a good guide to the overall state of conservation of a World Heritage property.
The categories of the condition of the attributes can be defined as follows:
Lost: Loss or alteration to most aspects of this attribute has occurred and has caused a major loss of significance of this attribute.
Seriously ...
165.
The concept of Integrity is described in the Operational Guidelines paragraphs 87-95. Integrity applies to both natural and cultural properties, and is defined as a measure of the completeness or intactness of the attributes that convey Outstanding Universal Value.
According to the World Heritage Resource Manual ‘Managing Cultural Heritage’ (UNESCO 2013), the key words to ...
166.
Cultural heritage is defined in Article 1 of the World Heritage Convention.
'For the purposes of this Convention, the following shall be considered as "cultural heritage";
- monuments: architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and painting, elements or structures of an archaeological nature, inscriptions, cave dwellings and combinations of features, which are of ...
167.
Founded in 1946, the International Council of Museums is devoted to the promotion and development of museums and the museum profession at an international level. ICOM is a non-governmental organization with around 17,000 members in 140 countries, many of which have World Heritage sites with museums.
168.
Prevention: Measures taken to reduce the likelihood of losses. Ideally, these measures would seek to reduce losses to zero, but this often is not possible. Key question: How much prevention do you need to undertake.
Source(s): Managing Disaster Risks for World Heritage
169.
According to Article 65 of the Operational Guidelines, “States Parties are encouraged to re-examine and re-submit their Tentative List at least every ten years.”
Source(s): Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention
170.
The six topics of the Monitoring Indicator Framework are in accordance with the six core thematic areas of the Periodic Reports:
“I. State of Conservation of World Heritage properties: Indicators to assess temporal patterns in the status and trends of the OUV and factors affecting the property; integrity and authenticity of the site.
II. Management: Indicators to measure ...
171.
Tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities." (United Nations World Tourism Organization)
Source(s):
The World Tourism Organization’s defines sustainable tourism as:
Tourism which makes optimal use of environmental resources ...
172.
The same General Conference that adopted the Convention concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage (the World Heritage Convention) in 1972 also adopted the Recommendation concerning the Protection, at National Level, of the Cultural and Natural Heritage.
According to this Recommendation, “In conformity with their jurisdictional and legislative ...
173.
These are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems. These include provisioning services such as food and water; regulating services such as flood and disease control; cultural services such as spiritual, recreational, and cultural benefits; and supporting services, such as nutrient cycling, that maintain the conditions for life on Earth (UNEP).
Source(s): World Heritage ...
174.
The World Heritage Centre is constantly concluding partnerships with new partners in order to ensure the preservation of natural and cultural diversity in the long term. These partners include States Parties, Advisory Bodies, non-governmental and inter-governmental organizations, the private sector and the media. Click here to see the list of our partners and their actions ...
175.
In various regions of the world capacity building institutions dealing specifically with World Heritage have been established and granted the status of "category 2 centres under the auspices of UNESCO.
UNESCO Category II Centres (C2Cs) are organizations which operate under the auspices of UNESCO and are committed to engage in support of UNESCO’s strategic programme ...
176.
International Assistance requests for Conservation & Management Assistance or Preparatory Assistance must be submitted by 31 October each year.Only International Assistance requests for US$5,000 or less (under any category) or for Emergency Assistance can be submitted any time during the year.
177.
The concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyse and manage the causal factors of disasters, including through reduced exposure to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and improved preparedness for adverse events (UNISDR, 2009).
Source(s): Managing Disaster Risks for ...
178.
An Internationally Designated Area (IDA) is an area accorded international protection status through their recognition and designation under a recognised global or regional designation mechanism.
Source(s): Managing MIDAs Harmonising the management of Multi-Internationally Designated Areas: Ramsar Sites, World Heritage sites, Biosphere Reserves and UNESCO Global Geoparks. ...
179.
Values refer to specific manifestations or qualities of a site that can be considered important to a particular stakeholder group. A site can have multiple values, both natural and cultural, for multiple stakeholder groups. Not all values will necessarily be considered relevant to the OUV.
Source(s): Climate Change Adaptation for Natural World Heritage sites
180.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is a membership Union uniquely composed of both government and civil society organisations. It provides public, private and non-governmental organisations with the knowledge and tools that enable human progress, economic development and nature conservation to take place together. Created in 1948, IUCN has evolved ...
181.
Quality of life is the notion of human welfare (well-being) measured by social indicators (such as the possibility to vote, demonstrate, or participate in political parties) rather than by “quantitative” measures of income and production (Glossary of Environment Statistics, Studies in Methods, Series F, No. 67, United Nations, New York, 1997).
Source(s): World Heritage ...
182.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is a membership Union uniquely composed of both government and civil society organisations. It provides public, private and non-governmental organisations with the knowledge and tools that enable human progress, economic development and nature conservation to take place together.
Created in 1948, IUCN has evolved ...
183.
Outstanding Universal Value, or ‘OUV’ is described in Paragraph 49 of the Operational Guidelines as: ‘cultural and/or natural significance which is so exceptional as to transcend national boundaries and to be of common importance for present and future generations of all humanity. As such, the permanent protection of this heritage is of the highest importance to the ...
184.
International assistance requests may be filled in and submitted either directly online, or on paper.Reminder: International Assistance requests must be transmitted by a State Party National Commission for UNESCO or Permanent Delegation to UNESCO, or an appropriate governmental Department or Ministry. Individuals who do not represent one of these bodies are therefore not ...
185.
According to Paragraph 123 of the Operational Guidelines;
“Participation of local people in the nomination process is essential to enable them to have a shared responsibility with the State Party in the maintenance of the property. States Parties are encouraged to prepare nominations with the participation of a wide variety of stakeholders, including site managers, local ...
186.
In relation to boundaries for effective protection, paragraphs 99-102 of the Operational Guidelines state:
‘99. The delineation of boundaries is an essential requirement in the establishment of effective protection of nominated properties. Boundaries should be drawn to incorporate all the attributes that convey the Outstanding Universal Value and to ensure the integrity ...
187.
Features are the physical, biological or geological components or manifestations of a site that together contribute to its OUV.
For example, wetlands may be a feature of a larger management area. But within a wetland there may be features such as pools, wet scrub, bogs, reed marsh and so on. Colonies of a particular bird species may be a feature of a cliff; communities of ...
188.
A partially adequate legal framework may for example cover some but not all types of heritage. Some legal frameworks may be considered as not up to date with contemporary needs and challenges. In some cases, there may be multilayer and multidisciplinary legal frameworks in place, but with gaps when it comes to identifying the full breadth of cultural and/or natural ...
189.
Disaster risk is a product of hazard and vulnerability. While a hazard is a phenomenon (such as an earthquake or a cyclone) which has the potential to cause disruption or damage to cultural property, vulnerability is the susceptibility or exposure of cultural property to the hazard. Whereas a hazard is the external source of a disaster, vulnerability is the inherent ...
190.
A partially adequate legal framework may for example cover some but not all types of heritage. Some legal frameworks may be considered as not up to date with contemporary needs and challenges. In some cases, there may be multilayer and multidisciplinary legal frameworks in place, but with gaps when it comes to identifying the full breadth of cultural and/or natural ...
191.
A heritage education programme is a programme designed to educate, train or involve people in the protection of cultural or natural heritage.
According to Article 27 of the Convention concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage:
The States Parties to this Convention shall endeavour by all appropriate means, and in particular by educational and ...
192.
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) entered into force on 29 December 1993. It has 3 main objectives:
The conservation of biological diversity;
The sustainable use of the components of biological diversity;
The fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources.
The Convention on Biological Diversity was inspired by ...
193.
The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture was adopted by the Thirty-First Session of the Conference of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations on 3 November 2001.
The Treaty aims at:
recognizing the enormous contribution of farmers to the diversity of crops that feed the world;
- establishing a global system to ...
194.
This adjective is used in diverse ways in the heritage sector and beyond, and sometimes with insufficient attention to the actual intended meaning. Its more elaborate use draws from the environmental science field originally. It goes beyond the concept of viability and living within the limits to also embrace the idea of interconnections among economy, society, and ...
195.
ICCROM (International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property) is an international intergovernmental organization based in Rome, Italy. Established by UNESCO in 1956, ICCROM’s statutory functions are to carry out research, documentation, technical assistance, training and public awareness programmes to strengthen conservation of ...
196.
Presentation is the explanation of a property and its values to the public (visitors and local people) from established, authoritative information sources; as such it is a largely one-way process of communication.
Interpretation, on the other hand, embraces a much wider concept (in fact presentation is just one element of interpretation) which refers to the full range of ...
197.
The objectives of the 1970 Convention are to protect and safeguard the world cultural property against damage, theft, clandestine excavations, illicit import, export and transfer of ownership, trafficking, to implement preventive measures and raise awareness of the importance thereof, to establish a moral and ethical code for the acquisition of cultural property, to ...
198.
On 1 January 2016, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development — adopted by world leaders in September 2015 at a historic UN Summit — officially came into force. They are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity.
Building on the success of the ...
199.
In order to enhance coherence and cooperation in implementation, a liaison group was established between the heads of the secretariats of the six biodiversity-related conventions. The Biodiversity Liaison Group or BLG, was formed in June 2004 and meets regularly to explore opportunities for synergistic activities and increased coordination, and to exchange information.
The ...
200.
The standard list of threats/factors affecting the Outstanding Universal Value of World Heritage properties consists of a series of 14 primary factors, encompassing each a number of secondary factors.
The 14 primary factors are:
Buildings and Development
Transportation Infrastructure
Utilities or Service Infrastructure
Pollution
Biological resource ...