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1.
The International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM) is an intergovernmental organization created to promote the conservation of all forms of cultural heritage, in every region of the world. Its mission is to provide Member States with the best tools, knowledge, skills and enabling environment to preserve their cultural ...
2.
Three international non-governmental or intergovernmental organizations are named in the Convention to advise the Committee in its deliberations.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an international, non-governmental organization that provides the World Heritage Committee with technical evaluations of natural heritage properties and, through its ...
3.
Instruments for implementing a convention at the national level; includes action plans such as NBSAPs (for CBD), NAP and NAMA (for UNFCCC and UNCCD), national conservation strategies (for RAMSAR), and national implementation plans (Stockholm).
Source(s): United Nations Information Portal on Multilateral Environmental Agreements
4.
UNESCO is the only UN Agency to have a global network of national cooperating bodies known as National Commissions for UNESCO.
Acting as agencies of consultation, liaison and information, and mobilizing and coordinating partnerships with national partners, including the civil society, the National Commissions make also substantial contributions in the advancement of ...
5.
By compiling on the Internet the national laws of its Member States, UNESCO offers all stakeholders involved (Governments, customs officials, art dealers, organizations, lawyers, buyers and so forth) a complete and easily accessible source of information. In the event of a legal question about the origin of an object (which may have been stolen, pillaged, or illegally ...
6.
IUCN Members within a country or region may choose to organize themselves into National and Regional Committees to facilitate cooperation among Members, and with other parts of the Union, and to support the participation of Members in the Programme and governance of IUCN.
IUCN’s National and Regional Committees can be very different in nature. Some of the Member Committees ...
7.
In 2010 Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) adopted the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020, a ten-year framework for action by all countries and stakeholders to safeguard biodiversity and the benefits it provides to people. As part of the Strategic Plan, 20 ambitious but realistic targets, known as the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, were adopted. ...
8.
A special cooperation agreement existing between World Heritage properties, for example such as exists between two the World Heritage Marine sites, Banc d’Arguin National Park (Mauritania) and the Wadden Sea (Denmark/Germany/The Netherlands).
9.
If you have a suggestion for a World Heritage site, you may wish to send your proposal to the UNESCO National Commission in the country concerned. To see the contact details of the National Commission, click on the name of the country in the list of States Parties.
10.
Each country has a formal World Heritage representative, the National Focal Point, mandated with implementing Convention activities within the country, and being the channel for information between the Secretariat, countries and other stakeholders”.
Source(s): Assessing Marine World Heritage from an Ecosystem Perspective
11.
Adaptation to climate change refers to adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities.
In 1992 the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (the Earth Summit) was held in Rio de Janeiro and resulted in the establishment of the UN Framework ...
12.
A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by the government of a sovereign state that holds force throughout the regions and territories within the government's dominion.
In the context of international law a State party to an international treaty must ensure that its own domestic law and practice are consistent with what is required by the treaty.
Source(s):
United ...
13.
The Clubs, Centres and Associations for UNESCO are groups of volunteers of different ages and socio-professional status who become activists in the service of UNESCO’s ideals.
Established under the aegis of the National Commissions for UNESCO, these Clubs, Centres and Associations are grouped into national, regional and international networks, for the purpose of acting in ...
14.
Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more. Everyone is entitled to these rights, without ...
16.
The instruments of "acceptance" or "approval" of a treaty have the same legal effect as ratification and consequently express the consent of a state to be bound by a treaty. In the practice of certain states acceptance and approval have been used instead of ratification when, at a national level, constitutional law does not require the treaty to be ratified by the head of ...
17.
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18.
The same General Conference that adopted the Convention concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage (the World Heritage Convention) in 1972 also adopted the Recommendation concerning the Protection, at National Level, of the Cultural and Natural Heritage.
According to this Recommendation, “In conformity with their jurisdictional and legislative ...
19.
The World Heritage Committee relies on citizens to play an active role in protecting World Heritage sites. If you have any concern about an existing site, do not hesitate to contact the National Commission of the country in charge of the site. To see the contact details of the National Commission, click on the name of the country in the list of States Parties. You may also ...
20.
See ‘National Focal Point’.
21.
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22.
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23.
The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage is an international agreement that was adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO in 1972. It is based on the premise that certain places on Earth are of outstanding universal value and should therefore form part of the common heritage of humankind. The countries who ratify the Convention ...
24.
For example ministries of culture, ministries of the environments, national agencies for heritage or conservation, heritage boards etc.
25.
The United Nations Information Portal on Multilateral Environmental Agreements defines Biodiversity as:
1) Genetic diversity: the variation between individuals and between populations within a species; species diversity: the different types of plants, animals and other life forms within a region; community or ecosystem diversity: the variety of habitats found within an ...
26.
"Accession" is the act whereby a state accepts the offer or the opportunity to become a party to a treaty already negotiated and signed by other states. It has the same legal effect as ratification. Accession usually occurs after the treaty has entered into force. The Secretary-General of the United Nations, in his function as depositary, has also accepted accessions to ...
27.
A generic term for treaties, conventions, protocols, and other binding instruments. This term is usually applied to instruments of a geographic scope between two states.
Source(s): United Nations Information Portal on Multilateral Environmental Agreements
28.
States Parties are countries which have adhered to the World Heritage Convention. They identify and nominate sites on their national territory to be considered for inscription on the World Heritage List. States Parties have the responsibility to protect the World Heritage values of the sites inscribed and report periodically on their condition.
29.
‘Climate change’ means a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.
Source: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Article 1
30.
"The term ‘Indigenous peoples’ is to be understood in the context of the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention (No. 169) concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries as:
1. tribal peoples in independent countries whose social, cultural and economic conditions distinguish them from other sections of the national community, and whose status ...
31.
Equitable exchange and dialogue among civilizations, cultures and peoples, based on mutual understanding and respect and the equal dignity of all cultures is the essential prerequisite for constructing social cohesion, reconciliation among peoples and peace among nations.
Source(s): http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/dialogue/intercultural-dialogue/
32.
Protected areas that are strictly set aside to protect biodiversity and also possibly geological/geomorphological features, where human visitation, use and impacts are strictly controlled and limited to ensure protection of the conservation values. Such protected areas can serve as indispensable reference areas for scientific research and monitoring.
Source(s): United ...
33.
An inventory drawn up by a Member State for the protection of its cultural and natural heritage, including items which, without being of outstanding importance, are inseparable from their environment and contribute to its character.
Source(s): 1972 Recommendation concerning the Protection, at National Level, of the Cultural and Natural Heritage
34.
The World Heritage List is a list of cultural and natural heritage as defined in Articles 2 and 3 of the World Heritage Convention, deemed to be of 'Outstanding Universal Value'. It is established, updated and published by the World Heritage Committee as per Article 11 of the World Heritage Convention and is drawn from the national inventories referred to in Article 11.1 ...
35.
Quality of life is the notion of human welfare (well-being) measured by social indicators (such as the possibility to vote, demonstrate, or participate in political parties) rather than by “quantitative” measures of income and production (Glossary of Environment Statistics, Studies in Methods, Series F, No. 67, United Nations, New York, 1997).
Source(s): World Heritage ...
36.
One of the main tools of the World Heritage Education Programme, the World Heritage in Young Hands Educational Resource Kit for secondary school teachers was developed in 1998. It aims to sensitize young people to the importance of preserving their local, national and world heritage.
Consult the Resource Kit here.
Source(s): https://whc.unesco.org/en/educationkit/
37.
Outstanding Universal Value, or ‘OUV’ is described in Paragraph 49 of the Operational Guidelines as: ‘cultural and/or natural significance which is so exceptional as to transcend national boundaries and to be of common importance for present and future generations of all humanity. As such, the permanent protection of this heritage is of the highest importance to the ...
38.
The full cycle of activities from nomination to management and decision-making conducted with regard to the World Heritage properties stipulated under the World Heritage Convention.
Heritage processes include national and international protection processes for the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission to future generations of the cultural ...
39.
Use of the World Heritage emblem, or logo, is strictly regulated and determined by the World Heritage Committee, with guidelines for its use defined in Chapter 8 of the Operational Guidelines. Please note that before using the World Heritage logo in any form, authorization from the appropriate UNESCO National Commission is required. Click here for more information ...
40.
International assistance requests may be filled in and submitted either directly online, or on paper.Reminder: International Assistance requests must be transmitted by a State Party National Commission for UNESCO or Permanent Delegation to UNESCO, or an appropriate governmental Department or Ministry. Individuals who do not represent one of these bodies are therefore not ...
41.
The International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) is a 1951 multilateral treaty deposited with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) that aims to secure coordinated, effective action to prevent and to control the introduction and spread of pests of plants and plant products. The Convention extends beyond the protection of cultivated plants to ...
42.
Usually referred to as simply the Operational Guidelines, these help to explain the implementation of the Convention. They include procedures for:
inscription of properties on the World Heritage List and the List of World Heritage in Danger;
protection and conservation of World Heritage properties;
granting of International Assistance under the World Heritage ...
43.
States Parties are countries which have adhered to the World Heritage Convention. They thereby agree to identify and nominate properties on their national territory to be considered for inscription on the World Heritage List. When a State Party nominates a property, it gives details of how a property is protected and provides a management plan for its upkeep. States ...
44.
The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Convention) was adopted in 1971 and entered into force in 1975. It is a legally binding framework instrument embodying the commitments of its member countries to maintain the ecological character of their Wetlands of International Importance and to plan for the "wise use", or sustainable use, of all wetlands ...
45.
The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture was adopted by the Thirty-First Session of the Conference of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations on 3 November 2001.
The Treaty aims at:
recognizing the enormous contribution of farmers to the diversity of crops that feed the world;
- establishing a global system to ...
46.
The Justification for inscription is a part of nomination documentation that makes clear why the property is considered to be of “Outstanding Universal Value”. It is comprised of more detailed information to support the text of the proposed Statement of Outstanding Universal Value; the World Heritage criteria under which the property is proposed together with a clearly ...
47.
A human rights-based approach is a conceptual framework for the process of human development that is normatively based on international human rights standards and operationally directed to promoting and protecting human rights. It seeks to analyse inequalities which lie at the heart of development problems and redress discriminatory practices and unjust distributions of ...
48.
UNESCO’s work with geoparks began in 2001. In 2004, 17 European and 8 Chinese geoparks came together at UNESCO headquarters in Paris to form the Global Geoparks Network (GGN) where national geological heritage initiatives contribute to and benefit from their membership of a global network of exchange and cooperation.
On 17 November 2015, the 195 Member States of UNESCO ...
49.
The Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals, also known as the Bonn Convention, was adopted on 23 June 1979. As of 1 December 2017 the Convention on Migratory Species had 126 Parties. The CMS is a framework convention and encompasses a range of agreements, memoranda of understanding, and special species initiatives. As an environmental treaty under the aegis of ...
50.
Defined in the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention (No. 169) concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries as:‘(a) tribal peoples in independent countries whose social, cultural and economic conditions distinguish them from other sections of the national community, and whose status is regulated wholly or partially by their own customs or ...
51.
The aims of Strategy for Reducing Risks from disasters at World Heritage properties (2007) are to strengthen the protection of World Heritage and contribute to sustainable development by assisting States Parties to the Convention to integrate heritage concerns into national disaster reduction policies and to incorporate concern for disaster reduction within management ...
52.
Intangible cultural heritage is the practices, expressions, knowledge and skills that communities, groups and sometimes individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage. Also called ‘living cultural heritage’, it is usually expressed in one of the following forms: oral traditions; performing arts; social practices, rituals and festive events; knowledge and ...
53.
“The Second Protocol further elaborates the provisions of the Convention relating to safeguarding of and respect for cultural property and the conduct of hostilities; thereby providing greater protection than before. It creates a new category of enhanced protection for cultural heritage that is particularly important for humankind, enjoys proper legal protection at the ...
54.
Governance may take place at different levels (local, regional/provincial/state and national federal) and should be understood in a wide context to include legislation/institutional arrangements/democratic processes/citizens etc.
According to the World Heritage Resource Manual ‘Managing Cultural Heritage’ (UNESCO 2013), good governance refers to “the relationship between ...
55.
Tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities." (United Nations World Tourism Organization)
Source(s):
The World Tourism Organization’s defines sustainable tourism as:
Tourism which makes optimal use of environmental resources ...
56.
The Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, adopted in 2005 by the UNESCO General Conference, is a binding international legal instrument. Its goal is to protect and promote the diversity of cultural expressions, particularly as embodied and conveyed in cultural activities, goods and services, which are the vehicles of ...
57.
The International assistance scheme under the World Heritage Fund deals with the protection of cultural sites (monuments, groups of buildings, historic cities, archaeological sites) and natural sites inscribed on the World Heritage List. Priority is given to the most threatened properties, especially those inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger. Sites inscribed ...
58.
All seven of UNESCO’s Cultural Conventions are intended to safeguard and nurture some aspect of culture and creativity, from tangible and intangible heritage, the diversity of cultural expressions and creative industries, to the fight against the illicit trafficking of cultural goods.
2005 Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions
2003 Safeguarding ...
59.
Article 5 of the World Heritage Convention, states:
"To ensure that effective and active measures are taken for the protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage situated on its territory, each State Party to this Convention shall endeavor, in so far as possible, and as appropriate for each country:
to adopt a general policy which aims to ...
60.
Biosphere reserves are areas comprising terrestrial, marine and coastal ecosystems. Each reserve promotes solutions reconciling the conservation of biodiversity with its sustainable use.
Biosphere reserves are ‘Science for Sustainability support sites’ – special places for testing interdisciplinary approaches to understanding and managing changes and interactions between ...
61.
A key benefit of ratification, particularly for developing countries, is access to the World Heritage Fund and International Assistance. This is made available to assist States Parties in identifying, preserving and promoting World Heritage sites. Emergency assistance may also be made available for urgent action to repair damage caused by human-made or natural disasters. ...
62.
According to Article 5(d) of the World Heritage Convention, the States Parties are required to:”[…] take the appropriate legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financial measures necessary for the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and rehabilitation of this heritage ...”. The World Heritage Operational Guidelines (paragraph 97) further states ...
63.
In relation to boundaries for effective protection, paragraphs 99-102 of the Operational Guidelines state:
‘99. The delineation of boundaries is an essential requirement in the establishment of effective protection of nominated properties. Boundaries should be drawn to incorporate all the attributes that convey the Outstanding Universal Value and to ensure the integrity ...