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Old City of Zamość

Old City of Zamość

Zamosc was founded in the 16th century by the chancellor Jan Zamoysky on the trade route linking western and northern Europe with the Black Sea. Modelled on Italian theories of the 'ideal city' and built by the architect Bernando Morando, a native of Padua, Zamosc is a perfect example of a late-16th-century Renaissance town. It has retained its original layout and fortifications and a large number of buildings that combine Italian and central European architectural traditions.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Vieille ville de Zamość

La ville a été fondée au XVIe siècle par le chancelier Jan Zamoysky sur la route commerciale reliant l'Europe de l'Ouest et du Nord à la mer Noire. Conçue sur le modèle des théories italiennes de la ville idéale et construite par l'architecte Bernando Morando, originaire de Padoue, Zamosc reste un parfait exemple d'une ville Renaissance de la fin du XVIe siècle qui a conservé son plan d'origine, ses fortifications et un grand nombre de bâtiments où se mêlent les traditions architecturales de l'Italie et celles de l'Europe centrale.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

مدينة زاموسك القديمة

أنشأ رئيس الحكومة جان زامويسكي هذه المدينة في القرن السادس عشر على الطريق التجاري الذي يصل أوروبا الغربية والشمالية بالبحر الاسود. تبقى زاموسك، التي شُيّدت على نموذج النظريات الايطالية عن المدينة المثالية والتي بناها المهندس برناندو موراندو البادوفي، المثال الأهم لمدينة عصر النهضة في أواخر القرن السادس عشر والتي حافظت على تصميمها الأصلي وعلى تحصيناتها وعلى عددٍ كبيرٍ من الأبنية حيث تتداخل التقاليد الهندسيّة الايطاليّة مع تلك التي تعود الى اوروبا الوسطى.

source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

扎莫希奇古城

公元16世纪,军事将领简·扎莫希奇建立了扎莫希奇古城。古城位于黑海地区连接西欧和北欧的商贸道路上。古城以意大利的“理想城市”理论为雏型,由帕多瓦当地的建筑大师波南多·莫兰多设计建造,是16世纪晚期文艺复兴城镇的完美范例。扎莫希奇古城完美地保留了16世纪末具有文艺复兴时期风格城镇的最初风貌和要塞堡垒,与此同时还保留了大量的、充分体现意大利与中欧建筑风格完美结合的建筑物。

source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Старая часть города Замосць

Замосць был основан в XVI в. канцлером Яном Замойским на торговом пути, связывающем Западную и Северную Европу с Черным морем. Спроектированный в соответствии с итальянскими теориями «идеального города» и построенный архитектором Бернандо Морандо, уроженцем Падуи, Замосць стал совершенным примером города эпохи Возрождения конца XVI в. Он сохранил оригинальную планировку и укрепления, а также большое количество зданий, в которых сочетаются итальянские и центрально-европейские архитектурные традиции.

source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Ciudad vieja de Zamość

Fundada en el siglo XVI por el canciller Jan Zamoysky en un punto de la ruta comercial que unía el oeste y el norte de Europa con el Mar Negro, Zamość fue construida por el arquitecto paduano Bernardo Morando con arreglo a los principios italianos de la ciudad ideal. Zamość es un ejemplo perfecto de ciudad renacentista de finales del siglo XVI que ha conservado su trazado primigenio, sus fortificaciones y un gran número de edificios en los que se mezclan los estilos arquitectónicos tradicionales de Italia y Europa central.

source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

ザモシチ旧市街

source: NFUAJ

Oude stad van Zamość

Zamość werd in de 16e eeuw gesticht door kanselier Jan Zamoysky, op de handelsroute die West- en Noord-Europa verbindt met de Zwarte Zee. De stad was vanaf het begin bedoeld en opgezet als een economisch centrum op basis van handel. Zamość is een perfect voorbeeld van een laat 16e-eeuwse Renaissancestad. Het ontwerp is gebaseerd op Italiaanse theorieën van de ‘ideale stad’ en gebouwd door de architect Bernando Morando, een inwoner van Padua. De Oude stad van Zamość heeft haar originele ontwerp en vestingwerken behouden, evenals een groot aantal gebouwen die Italiaanse en Midden-Europese architectonische tradities combineren.

Source: unesco.nl

Outstanding Universal Value

Brief synthesis

Old City of Zamość in southeastern Poland is an outstanding example of a late 16th-century Central European town designed and built in accordance with Italian Renaissance theories on the creation of “ideal” cities. This innovative approach to town planning was the result of a very close cooperation between the town’s enlightened founder and the distinguished Italian architect Bernardo Morando. The Old City of Zamość today retains its original rectilinear street plan and its unique blend of Italian and Central European architectural traditions, as well as parts of its encircling fortifications.

Located on the trade route linking western and northern Europe with the Black Sea, Zamość was conceived as a trade-based economic centre. From the outset it was intended to be multinational, and had a high level of religious tolerance. It became the tangible reflection of the social and cultural ideas of the Renaissance, which were readily embraced in Poland, as exemplified by the establishment of a university (Zamość Academy) by Jan Zamoyski, the founder and owner of the town. His architect Bernardo Morando’s city plan combined the functions of a residential palace, an urban ensemble, and a fortress, all in accordance with Renaissance concepts.

The Old City of Zamość has two distinct sections: on the west is the Zamoyski palace, and on the east is the town proper, laid out around three squares. The central Great Market Square, located at the junction of the town’s two main axial streets, is enclosed by arcaded merchants’ houses and anchored by a magnificent Town Hall. These and many other notable structures such as the cathedral, arsenal, and fortification gates illustrate a key feature of this great undertaking: a creative enhancement realized through the incorporation of artistic achievements attained in local architecture. The consistent implementation of Morando’s plan over time has resulted in a stylistically homogeneous urban composition with a high level of architectural and landscape values.

Criterion (iv): Zamość is an oustanding example of a Renaissance planned town of the late 16th century, which retains its original layout and fortifications and a large number of buildings of particular interest, blending Italian and Central European architectural traditions.

Integrity

The Old City of Zamość is an integral and complete example of a private Renaissance town established anew, ‘in cruda radice’, based on Italian architectural theory. Within its boundaries are located all the elements necessary to sustain the Outstanding Universal Value of the 75.03 ha property, including its distinctive rectilinear urban layout with its compositional and functional axes, and the network of streets and squares together with buildings illustrating the fusion of Italian and Central European architectural traditions, among them the Town Hall, the founder’s residence, the Zamość Academy, the churches, and the surviving system of fortifications with gates encircling the city. The property does not suffer from adverse effects of development and/or neglect.

Authenticity

Since the modern town of Zamość grew for the most part outside the old fortifications, and having escaped the vast destruction suffered by many other Polish towns during the Second World War, the Old City of Zamość today exhibits a high degree of authenticity, particularly regarding its location and setting, forms and designs, and materials and substances. The property’s authenticity is evidenced in the conservation of its original urban layout filled with building blocks along with all its key buildings: the founder’s residence, the Academy (still serving as an educational institution), the Town Hall, churches and places of worship representing various religions (constituting symbols of tolerance), and the town’s surviving system of fortifications. Minor modifications carried out in the Baroque period did not disrupt the basic structure and composition of the Renaissance town; on the contrary, they enriched it. The greatest changes to the Renaissance-era layout were introduced in the first half of the 19th century, when the town was designated as a strategic state-owned fortress. In spite of some demolitions and reductions in architectural detail, the fundamental internal structure of the town was not affected. The town’s system of fortifications, however, was modernized using the latest military technical solutions of the time, now only partially extant.

Some elements of the urban infrastructure – the ground transport infrastructure and localised utilities – are of particular concern and may be vulnerable unless planning policies and guidance are rigorously and consistently applied.

Protection and management requirements

The Old City of Zamość is subject to the highest level of legal protection, both at the national level through its inclusion in the National Heritage Register and its status as a Monument of History, and at the local level through local spatial development plans. The property – which is located within a contemporary town that serves as a local administrative, economic, religious, and cultural centre – is under the authority of the local government. Issues related to the protection of the historic area come under the authority of a special department operating within the structures of the municipal council and regional bodies of the national monument protection services.

In order to enhance the conservation of the property, a buffer zone (214.91 ha) has been outlined. The principles of heritage protection, along with details concerning the division of the property and its buffer zone into structural units determining both their purpose and the rules for their protection, are recorded in the town planning register.

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