Gremi Church of Archangels and Royal Tower
GeorgiaMinistry of Culture, Monuments Protection and Sport of Georgia
Kakheti Region, Telavi District
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Description
City of Gremi, capital of vanished Kachetian Kingdom of Georgia, located on the Gilian-Shemakha branch of the Great Silk Road, was destroyed by the army of Shah Abbas in XVI c. and never been restored since then. The ruins of Gremi city are now important Late Medieval archaeological site with ruins of churches, trading arcades, baths and dwellings. Gremi attracts visitors with the well-preserved architectural complex: Church of Archangels Michael and Gabriel and the Royal Tower.
The Gremi Church was built and painted upon the order of King Leon in 1565. Peculiar relation of proportions to separate volumes of Gremi Church attaches new features to traditional structure of Georgian cross-cupola churches. The main cross of the building is very high and narrow. The arches are arrowed and have not capitals or tractions. The dome is supported on two free-standing piers and the extensions of the apse. The fabric is of so-called Georgian brick. The façades are samples of developed brick church decorative system characteristic to late feudal epoch in Georgia. The forms of décor are achieved through deepening of planes and turquoise fittings. The wall painting of construction period is preserved inside the Church. The Gremi Church has become a prototype for a whole group of other church buildings in Georgia.
A three-store tower is erected beside the Church of Archangels. The two bottom floors are built earlier than the Church itself. There is a big, wide and high room on the ground floor. Along the back wall of the room, there is a corridor, which leads to the first and second floors. There is a belfry on the top of the tower.
The aspiration and rush for height of the Kachetian architecture is shown in Gremi with force incomparable hitherto. Elegance of silhouette of a Church and a Tower is an attractive architectural dominant in vast space. Through its location and interrelation with the surrounding landscape, the Gremi Church acquires outstanding artistic importance and remarkable force.
Statements of authenticity and/or integrity
The authenticity of monument is completely preserved in architectural forms, materials, location and other necessary attributes. The physical condition of buildings can be characterised as good, while the part of wall painting is demolished. Conservation works have been regularly conducted on the Gremi Church during past decades.
Comparison with other similar properties
The architecture of Gremi Church can be compared at national dimension with the New Shuamta Monastery. These two monuments represent the same tradition regarding their architectural forms, proportions and design features.
The arrowed decorative arches are evident signs of Iranian influence in the decoration of façades, but the problem of origin and development of Muslim elements in Gremi is steel not studied. In Gremi we have not intimacy and domestic simplicity of Muslim architecture with its infinite carpet of décor. On the contrary, everything is severe and exalted here and seeks to create expanse and grandeur. Using "Muslim elements", the architect of Gremi combines them in completely different union.
The frescoes of Gremi Church are in direct relation with the "post-Byzantine" Greek painting tradition.