State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Czechia Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia France Georgia Germany Ghana Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Italy Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 238 Housing 121 Illegal activities 76 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 71 Ground transport infrastructure 65 Legal framework 61 Land conversion 47 Management activities 45 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 44 War 38 Mining 37 Financial resources 37 Human resources 37 Water infrastructure 33 Governance 31 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 28 Commercial development 24 Deliberate destruction of heritage 24 Interpretative and visitation facilities 23 Water (rain/water table) 23 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 22 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 21 Civil unrest 20 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 19 Solid waste 17 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 17 Flooding 16 Other climate change impacts 16 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 15 Marine transport infrastructure 13 Surface water pollution 12 Oil and gas 12 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 12 Forestry /wood production 11 Earthquake 11 Fire (widlfires) 11 Major linear utilities 10 Underground transport infrastructure 9 Renewable energy facilities 9 Society's valuing of heritage 9 Storms 9 Crop production 8 Quarrying 8 Air transport infrastructure 7 Desertification 7 Industrial areas 6 Non-renewable energy facilities 6 Water (extraction) 6 Relative humidity 6 Changes to oceanic waters 6 Invasive / alien freshwater species 6 Air pollution 5 Ground water pollution 5 Commercial hunting 5 Localised utilities 4 Wind 4 High impact research / monitoring activities 4 Subsistence hunting 3 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 3 Military training 3 Drought 3 Input of excess energy 2 Pollution of marine waters 2 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 2 Invasive / alien marine species 2 Aquaculture 1 Subsistence wild plant collection 1 Pests 1 Terrorism 1 Temperature change 1 Avalanche/ landslide 1 Hyper-abundant species 1 Translocated species 1 Low impact research / monitoring activities 1