State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Czechia Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia France Georgia Germany Ghana Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Italy Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 434 Housing 213 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 141 Illegal activities 138 Ground transport infrastructure 118 Legal framework 114 Land conversion 87 Management activities 82 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 77 Mining 72 Human resources 71 Financial resources 69 Water infrastructure 62 War 60 Governance 60 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 49 Interpretative and visitation facilities 47 Water (rain/water table) 43 Commercial development 42 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 42 Deliberate destruction of heritage 39 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 39 Civil unrest 36 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 33 Other climate change impacts 31 Solid waste 28 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 27 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 25 Marine transport infrastructure 24 Surface water pollution 24 Flooding 24 Forestry /wood production 23 Oil and gas 23 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 21 Fire (widlfires) 21 Major linear utilities 20 Underground transport infrastructure 18 Society's valuing of heritage 18 Renewable energy facilities 16 Earthquake 16 Storms 15 Air transport infrastructure 14 Crop production 14 Quarrying 13 Water (extraction) 12 Non-renewable energy facilities 11 Air pollution 11 Invasive / alien freshwater species 11 Industrial areas 10 Commercial hunting 10 Changes to oceanic waters 10 Desertification 10 Ground water pollution 9 Relative humidity 9 High impact research / monitoring activities 8 Localised utilities 7 Wind 7 Subsistence hunting 6 Drought 6 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 5 Input of excess energy 4 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 4 Military training 4 Invasive / alien marine species 4 Pollution of marine waters 3 Low impact research / monitoring activities 3 Aquaculture 2 Subsistence wild plant collection 2 Pests 2 Terrorism 2 Temperature change 2 Avalanche/ landslide 2 Hyper-abundant species 2 Translocated species 2