State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 782 Housing 386 Illegal activities 263 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 253 Ground transport infrastructure 224 Legal framework 210 Land conversion 180 Management activities 164 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 139 Mining 134 Human resources 129 War 127 Water infrastructure 118 Financial resources 118 Governance 103 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 97 Interpretative and visitation facilities 89 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 86 Civil unrest 82 Water (rain/water table) 76 Deliberate destruction of heritage 73 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 72 Commercial development 68 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 64 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 50 Marine transport infrastructure 48 Oil and gas 48 Solid waste 47 Surface water pollution 47 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 47 Forestry /wood production 45 Other climate change impacts 45 Flooding 43 Underground transport infrastructure 38 Major linear utilities 36 Fire (widlfires) 36 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 35 Society's valuing of heritage 32 Renewable energy facilities 28 Crop production 28 Air transport infrastructure 26 Storms 26 Commercial hunting 25 Earthquake 25 Water (extraction) 24 Quarrying 21 Air pollution 18 Non-renewable energy facilities 17 Invasive / alien freshwater species 17 High impact research / monitoring activities 17 Localised utilities 16 Changes to oceanic waters 15 Industrial areas 14 Relative humidity 14 Desertification 14 Wind 13 Ground water pollution 12 Drought 12 Subsistence hunting 11 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 10 Invasive / alien marine species 10 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 8 Input of excess energy 7 Military training 7 Pollution of marine waters 6 Translocated species 5 Aquaculture 4 Pests 4 Avalanche/ landslide 4 Hyper-abundant species 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 3 Temperature change 3 Low impact research / monitoring activities 3 Terrorism 2