State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 1241 Housing 610 Illegal activities 445 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 381 Ground transport infrastructure 356 Legal framework 320 Land conversion 297 Management activities 269 Mining 225 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 221 War 198 Human resources 193 Water infrastructure 188 Financial resources 177 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 161 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 152 Civil unrest 150 Governance 146 Interpretative and visitation facilities 123 Deliberate destruction of heritage 117 Water (rain/water table) 110 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 109 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 101 Commercial development 91 Oil and gas 91 Surface water pollution 85 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 77 Marine transport infrastructure 77 Solid waste 73 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 70 Forestry /wood production 65 Flooding 65 Other climate change impacts 58 Major linear utilities 57 Fire (widlfires) 57 Underground transport infrastructure 54 Renewable energy facilities 49 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 48 Storms 45 Crop production 41 Society's valuing of heritage 38 Water (extraction) 37 Air transport infrastructure 36 Commercial hunting 34 Earthquake 34 High impact research / monitoring activities 29 Non-renewable energy facilities 28 Quarrying 28 Invasive / alien freshwater species 28 Localised utilities 27 Industrial areas 25 Air pollution 25 Ground water pollution 23 Changes to oceanic waters 23 Drought 21 Wind 20 Subsistence hunting 19 Relative humidity 17 Desertification 17 Invasive / alien marine species 17 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 13 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 13 Pollution of marine waters 10 Translocated species 10 Input of excess energy 9 Military training 7 Temperature change 7 Avalanche/ landslide 7 Low impact research / monitoring activities 6 Aquaculture 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 4 Pests 4 Hyper-abundant species 4 Terrorism 3 Micro-organisms 2