State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) New Zealand Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 2107 Housing 1100 Illegal activities 790 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 616 Ground transport infrastructure 584 Legal framework 478 Land conversion 452 Management activities 436 Mining 356 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 345 Financial resources 329 Human resources 326 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 301 Water infrastructure 289 Civil unrest 265 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 256 War 253 Deliberate destruction of heritage 227 Water (rain/water table) 195 Governance 189 Interpretative and visitation facilities 184 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 166 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 159 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 156 Oil and gas 139 Solid waste 138 Commercial development 134 Surface water pollution 132 Marine transport infrastructure 122 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 108 Flooding 105 Forestry /wood production 100 Crop production 90 Major linear utilities 88 Fire (widlfires) 82 Earthquake 77 Underground transport infrastructure 74 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 73 Other climate change impacts 68 Storms 66 Renewable energy facilities 63 Water (extraction) 57 Society's valuing of heritage 55 Air transport infrastructure 52 High impact research / monitoring activities 51 Invasive / alien freshwater species 50 Commercial hunting 48 Air pollution 42 Wind 40 Ground water pollution 39 Relative humidity 38 Industrial areas 35 Localised utilities 35 Quarrying 34 Drought 34 Non-renewable energy facilities 33 Subsistence hunting 28 Input of excess energy 26 Changes to oceanic waters 26 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 22 Invasive / alien marine species 21 Pollution of marine waters 20 Desertification 20 Temperature change 19 Avalanche/ landslide 19 Translocated species 18 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 16 Micro-organisms 10 Military training 8 Temperature 6 Low impact research / monitoring activities 6 Hyper-abundant species 5 Aquaculture 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 4 Pests 4 Terrorism 3 Tsunami/tidal wave 3 Volcanic eruption 1