State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) New Zealand Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 2259 Housing 1157 Illegal activities 844 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 667 Ground transport infrastructure 623 Legal framework 512 Land conversion 481 Management activities 469 Mining 378 Financial resources 364 Human resources 360 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 357 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 329 Water infrastructure 301 Civil unrest 279 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 268 War 257 Deliberate destruction of heritage 239 Water (rain/water table) 211 Interpretative and visitation facilities 198 Governance 198 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 172 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 163 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 163 Commercial development 153 Oil and gas 149 Surface water pollution 141 Solid waste 140 Marine transport infrastructure 129 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 118 Flooding 109 Forestry /wood production 107 Major linear utilities 96 Crop production 92 Fire (widlfires) 87 Earthquake 81 Underground transport infrastructure 79 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 74 Other climate change impacts 73 Storms 70 Renewable energy facilities 67 Society's valuing of heritage 62 Water (extraction) 60 Invasive / alien freshwater species 55 Air transport infrastructure 54 High impact research / monitoring activities 52 Commercial hunting 51 Air pollution 46 Relative humidity 43 Wind 42 Industrial areas 41 Ground water pollution 39 Quarrying 38 Localised utilities 37 Drought 36 Subsistence hunting 34 Non-renewable energy facilities 33 Input of excess energy 27 Changes to oceanic waters 27 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 24 Avalanche/ landslide 24 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 23 Invasive / alien marine species 23 Desertification 22 Pollution of marine waters 20 Temperature change 19 Translocated species 18 Micro-organisms 10 Military training 8 Low impact research / monitoring activities 7 Temperature 6 Hyper-abundant species 5 Aquaculture 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 4 Pests 4 Volcanic eruption 4 Tsunami/tidal wave 3 Terrorism 2